Substance movement

Question 1

Hypertonic

Answer 1

higher solute concentration OUTSIDE of cell. This means water will rush out of a cell and shrivel

Question 2

Hypotonic

Answer 2

lower solute concentration OUTSIDE of cell. This means water will rush into cell and swell

Question 3

Isotonic

Answer 3

equal solute concentration inside and outside of cell

Question 4

Bulk flow

Answer 4

collective movement of substances in the same direction in response to a force or pressure
Ex: blood

Question 5

passive transport

Answer 5

1) Simple diffusion
2) osmosis
3) dialysis (diffusion of different solutes across a selectively permeable membrane)
4) plasmolysis (movement of water out of a cell that results in its collapse)
5) facilitated diffusion, countercurrent exchange (diffusion by bulk flow in opposite directions– blood and water in fish gills).

Question 6

Active transport

Answer 6

movement of transports against their concentration gradients requiring energy. Usually solutes like small ions, amino acids, monosaccharides

Question 7

Is diffusion a net measurement?

Answer 7

Yes. Diffusion is net, some few particles still move against the gradient because molecule movement is random, but net diffusion is generally what we talk about

Question 8

Endocytosis

Answer 8

the taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole. Uses ATP; active transport

Question 9

Exocytosis

Answer 9

a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane. Uses ATP; active transport

Question 10

phagocytosis

Answer 10

undissolved

material (solid) enters cell; white blood cell engulfs. Plasma membrane wraps outward around

Question 11

pinocytosis

Answer 11

dissolved

material (liquid). Plasma membrane invaginates

Question 12

receptor-mediated

Answer 12

a form of pinocytosis; specific molecules (ligand) bind to receptors; proteins that transport cholesterol in blood and hormones target specific cells by this

Question 13

5 unique things about prokaryotes?

Answer 13

1) no nucleus
2) single (circular) nakes DNA, no chromatin
3) prokaryotes 70S ribosomes
4) cell walls (peptidoglycan); archea (polysaccharides) -many have sticky capsules on wall
5) Flagella are constructed from flagellin not
microtubules
in prokaryotes