Carbohydrates

Question 1

monosaccharide

Answer 1

single suger moecule

Ex: glucose and fructose

Question 2

disaccharide

Answer 2

two sugar molecules joined by a glycosidic linkage

Question 3

polysaccharide

Answer 3

series of connected monosaccharides, it’s a polymer

Question 4

Examples of monosaccarides?

Answer 4

glucose and fructose

Question 5

Examples of disacharides?

Answer 5

sucrose (glu + fruc) and lactose ( glu + gal) and maltose (glu + glu)

Question 6

alpha and beta monosaccharides based on?

Answer 6

position of H and OH on first (anomeric) carbon

-down=alpha (two OH on molecules point down) & up= beta (one OH on molecule points down and one up)

Question 7

monosaccarides or disaccarides are bonded via

Answer 7

dehydration synthesis (removal of water)

Question 8

monosaccarides or disaccarides are broken down via

Answer 8

hydrolysis (addition of water)

Question 9

starch

Answer 9

a polymer of alpha-glucose molecules; stores energy in pant calls

Question 10

glycogen

Answer 10

a polymer of alpha-glucose molecules; stores energy in animal cells (differ from starch in plant cells by polymer branching)

Question 11

cellulose

Answer 11

a polymer of beta-glucose; structural molecules for walls of plant cells and wood

Question 12

chitin

Answer 12

polymer similar to cellulose but each beta-glucose has a nitrogen containing group attached ring. Structural molecules in fungal cell walls and exoskeleton of insects

Question 13

What makes fungal cell walls and insect exoskeletons?

Answer 13

chitin

Question 14

What makes mammal horns, scales, hooves, nails and outer layer of skin?

Answer 14

keratin