subphylum crustacea Flashcards
crustacea is not technically a monophyletic group unless:
hexapods/insects are included. often though we call it pancrustacea when hexapods are included
crustacean exoskeletons:
made of CaCO3 with flexible membranes at joints which are the points of respiration.
crustacean respiration occurs
at joints of legs or through sporacles
biramous appendages:
2 appendages from one base. exopod is appendage farther from body and endopod is appendage closer to body
unique development of crustacea is:
nauplius larva. though not all crustacea have it
describe a nauplius larva:
single cyclops style large eye, 3 pairs of antennules, antennae, mandibles. no posterior appendages
6 classes of crustacea we covered:
malacostraca, copepoda, remipedia, ostracoda, branchiopoda, thecostraca
malacostraca 4 orders we discussed:
decapods, isopods, amphipods, stomatopods
malacostraca typically have ___ tagma
3
decapods include common animals:
crabs, shrimps, lobsters, crayfish
decapods are a ____ under ______ (organization)
order; class malacostraca
decapods have a unique development compared to other crustacea. this is:
nauplius –> zooea –> megalops
decapod legs are called:
pleopods
isopods are a little different looking than other malacostraca. what differs?
they are more homonomous, dorsoventrally flattened
isopod development is different than most other crustacea. they:
have direct development, carry eggs and babies in a brood pouch.
amphipoda development are a little different than other crustacea. they have:
direct development, similar to isopods, they carry offspring in brood pouch
some common names for amphipoda are:
skeleton shrimp, whale lice
stomatopoda are commonly called:
mantis shrimp
stomatopoda are ______ feeders
raptorial predator
why are they called mantis shrimp?
stomatopoda’s 2nd thoracic appendage is mantis-like claws
2 groups of stomatopoda are:
spearers and smashers
stomatopoda sensory system:
eyes are suppper complex, 20 color receptors with 3 pupils per eye. much better than humans.
copepoda is a _____ under ______
class; subphylum crustacea
copepods have 2 types of life way
parasitic & free-living
why are copepods important in an ecosystem? (similar to caterpillars haha)
they link the tiny and the larger. copepods link microscopic and macroscopic life
also, they are 50% of the biomass of all marine plankton
free-living copepods have ___ feet
paddle shaped feet called an oar foot
ostracoda are commonly called
ostracods, seed shrimp
ostracoda are _____ under: (organization)
class under subphylum crustacea
what other group of animals do ostracods resemble?
bivalves. their carapace has expanded into a bivalved shell that is reinforced with CaCO3, except they are much smaller than bivalves
ostracods are ___ feeders
suspension or detritivore
how do ostracods differ from most other crustaccea?
very reduced head and segmentation, fewest appendages of any crustacean class
branchiopods are commonly called:
brine shrimp, fairy shrimp, clam shrimp, daphnia, sea monkeys
branchiopods are ____ feeders
suspension
brine shrimp vs daphnia
brine shrimp have no carapace and swim on back. brine shrimp have a nauplius larva
daphnia have a bivalved carapace and are laterally compressed. daphnia have no larvae.
both are in the class branchiopoda under subphylum crustacea, but daphnia are diplostraca and brine shrimp are anostraca
thecostraca are commonly called
barnacles
thecostraca have _____ development
have 2 motile larval stages.
thecostraca are phoretic:
they have a host, which they use for transport but are not technically parasitic because they don’t feed on the host
the larval stages of thecostraca are:
nauplius
cyprid
what is a cyprid
the second larval stage of a barnacle. walks around looking for a good spot to lay down. lives for only a day, non-feeding, glues forehead to the ground and builds its shell around itself
what differentiates thecostraca nauplius from other nauplius?
it has lateral horns
while most barnacles are phoretic, some are parasitic. how do they live?
they grow throughout the body of their host with a hyphae-like body. they enter their host by injecting their cells into them as a cyprid larvae
a barnacles legs kick out, and they are essentially upside down their whole life. what is the function of the legs?
absorb oxygen through legs, feed with legs (suspension feeders)
remipedia organization
class under subphylum crustacea
remipedes resemble:
centipedes
remipedes are the only crustacean that is definitively:
venemous. they have venom claws and glands on maxillules
remipedes vs chilopodes
remipedes are in class remipedia from subphylum crustacea. chilopodes are a class under subphylum myriapoda. both are under phylum arthropoda.
remipedes have venom clands on maxillules while chilopodes have it on 1st trunk limb.
remipedes have biramous legs while chilopodes have uniramous legs.
remipedes have a nauplius larva while chilopodes do not.
remipedes are important on the phylogenetic tree of PAN arthropoda because:
they are the closest relative to hexapods. may be sister group with copepods and copepod+remipedia are sister group to hexapods
tantulocarida is:
a class under subphylum crustacea
tantulocarida life way
all parasitic
