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EEB4275 > phylum echinodermata > Flashcards

phylum echinodermata Flashcards

1
Q

the echinodermata fall into protosoma or deuterosoma? and what other phyla are with them?

A

deuterosome; echinodermata, hemichordata, chordata

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2
Q

Echinodermata display _____symmetry

A

pentaradial

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3
Q

are echinoderms cephalized?

A

no

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4
Q

list the main synapomorphies/unique features of echinodermata

A

water vascular system & associated tube feet, endoskeleton, mutable collagen, pedicillaria, nerve ring

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5
Q

madreporite

A

opening in skin, lets water in/out

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6
Q

extensions of the water-vascular system are:

A

tube feet

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7
Q

polian vesicles

A

reservours off water vascular system that control water prssure

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8
Q

tiedman’s bodies

A

small glands off the ring canal in water vascular system, produce coelomocytes

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9
Q

draw a water vascular system diagram

A

there is a center circle, the ring canal. off the center ring canal is 5 radial canals. between each radial canal is a polian vesicle and 2 tiedman’s bodies. in one section between radial canals is the madreporite. following one radial canal down there are small circles coming off called ampulla with a tube foot off each

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10
Q

coelomocytes

A

invertebrate immune cells, prod by tiedman’s bodies in echinoderm water vascular system

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11
Q

endoskeleton is made of:

A

dermal ossicles and is covered with epidermis

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12
Q

endoskeleton is derived from:

A

mesoderm

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13
Q

dermal ossicles are made of:

A

CaCO3 crystals

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14
Q

ambulacral grooves are formed by the ______ and are either open/closed depending on:

A

endoskeleton; whether the ossicles cover them or not

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15
Q

are ossicles living?

A

nope

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16
Q

mutable collagen is:

A

a unique feature of echinoderms, is a specialized connective tissue that can be locked/unlocked into place to stiffen/loosen without muscle use. it allows for rapid state changes using only nerve impulses

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17
Q

pedicillaria are:

A

specialized pincer-like ossicle structures. on body surface. they are used for prevention of epibionts, prey capture, defense against toxins, camoflauge (can hold small particles/objects)

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18
Q

pedicillaria are only found in:

A

asteroidea and echinoidea

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19
Q

nerve ring is:

A

a central ring around the mouth where nerves extend from into and along ambulacral grooves

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20
Q

there are 5 classes of echinoderm:

A

crinoidea, asteroidea, echinoidea, holothuroidea, ophiuroidea

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21
Q

crinoidea are commonly called:

A

sea lilies and sea daisies and feather stars

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22
Q

in crinoidea, the oral side faces ____

A

up

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23
Q

crinoidea have 5-200 _____ each with hundreds maybe of lateral _____

A

arms; pinnules

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24
Q

where is crinoidea madreporite?

A

they don’t have on

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25
Q

how do crinoidea control water?

A

cilia on oral surface

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26
Q

where are crinoidea tube feet?

A

they run along arms and pinnules, but lack suction cups

27
Q

crinoidea are ____ feeders. how do they eat?

A

suspension; podia capture food and then podia + cilia move the food to their mouth along the arms

28
Q

crinoidea reproduction

A

gonads are held in pinnules which rupture to release gametes into water (free-spawning)

29
Q

asteroidea are commonly called

A

sea stars

30
Q

asteroidea have ____ ambulacral grooves

A

open

31
Q

asteroidea have madreporite on ____ surface

A

upside, aboral

32
Q

asteroidea mouth faces:

A

down

33
Q

what kind of feeding do asteroidea do?

A

predatorial or scavengers

34
Q

asteroidea digestion

A

extracellular, and often extra-corporeal (outside body). they evert stomach and cover the desired prey to begin digesting outside body. then, they suck up the partially digested food

35
Q

asteroidea eat ______. how?

A

bivalves. use tube feet to pull apart shells, extra-corporeal digestion of mollusc. can open multiple shells at once

36
Q

asteroidea respiration

A

dermal gills that are extensions of the eucoelom that pass through gaps in the ossicles for gas exchange. they can also use podia for respiration

37
Q

asteroidea have __ stomach

A

2: cardiac and pyloric

38
Q

tube feet are also called

A

podia

39
Q

ampulla

A

little connector between radial canal and tube feet. as muscles and valves to control movement, open and close tube feet

40
Q

asteroidea have ____ for defense and structure

A

pedicillaria

41
Q

echinoderms, although pentaradial display ____ symmmetry at ______ stage of lief

A

bilateral, larval

42
Q

ophiuroidea are commonly called

A

brittle stars and basket stars

43
Q

ophiuroidea mouth faces____ and madreporite faces ___

A

down; up

44
Q

ophiuroidea ambulacral grooves are ____ similar to _____and unlike ______

A

closed; echinoidea; asteroidea

45
Q

echinoidea are commonly called:

A

sea urchins, sand dollars, sea biscuits

46
Q

echinoidea ossicles are fused into a solid structure called :

A

test

47
Q

echinoidea are divided into 2 groups. what are they? how are they different?

A

regular and irregular
regular are radially symmetrical while irregular are bilaterally symmetrical. regular have aristotle’s lantern structure which is used for feeding/chewing.
irregular have been secondarily flattened and their ambulacral grooves have been modified into petaloids.
irregular are primarily burrowers and are deposit feeders/suspension feeders while regular ones are predators or detritivores

48
Q

aristotle’s lantern

A

structure in regular echinoidea. chewing apparatus with 5 continually growing, self-sharpening teeth, plates & muscles for eating

49
Q

echinoidea mouth faces ____and madreporite faces ____

A

down; up

50
Q

echinoidea pedicillaria and ossicles are modified how?

A

pedicillaria are stalked, sometimes poisonous. ossicles are modified to spines

51
Q

holothuroidea are commonly called:

A

sea cucumbers

52
Q

holothuroidea mouth faces:

A

it’s lateral

53
Q

holothuroidea trivium

A

3 abulacral grooves on the bottom of the body used for movement and have longer tube feet

54
Q

holothuroidea bivium

A

two ambulacral grooves that are on top of the sea cucumber

55
Q

most echinoderms are ____ symmetrical but holothuroidea are ___

A

radial or pentaradial; bilateral

56
Q

holothuroidea have ____ arms

A

no

57
Q

holothuroidea tentacles

A

tentacles are around the mouth and are made of enlarged tube feet

58
Q

holothuroidea madreporite faces:

A

it is internal

59
Q

holothuroidea move:

A

using tube feet on trivium
or worm-style with musculature or can swim

60
Q

2 main feeding guilds of holothuroidea:

A

suspension feeders & non-selective deposit feeders

suspension feeders are elongate and have highly branching tentacles with mucus to trap particles. use tentacles around mouth to move food into mouth

non-selective deposit feeders injest sediments as they crawl and digest any organic materials, excreting clean sediment. these are important for ocean floor turnover, preventing coral disease

61
Q

holothuroidea respiration:

A

respiratory “trees” that branch off the hind gut. water is pumped in and out of the anus, moves around the trees for gas exchange. can also use tentacles and podia for gas exchange

62
Q

holothuroidea hold gametes:

A

at the base of tentacles are the gonopores.

63
Q

cuverian tentacles:

A

located at the base of respiratory trees in holothuroidea, are sticky and ejected out of anus at a predator. like silly string, may be poisonous

64
Q

eviseration

A

holothuroidea defense. can eject organs such as respiratory trees, gonads, digestive tract out of anus to distract predator while they escape. can regenerate whole systems

EEB4275 (11 decks)

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