phylum echinodermata Flashcards

1
Q

the echinodermata fall into protosoma or deuterosoma? and what other phyla are with them?

A

deuterosome; echinodermata, hemichordata, chordata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Echinodermata display _____symmetry

A

pentaradial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

are echinoderms cephalized?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

list the main synapomorphies/unique features of echinodermata

A

water vascular system & associated tube feet, endoskeleton, mutable collagen, pedicillaria, nerve ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

madreporite

A

opening in skin, lets water in/out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

extensions of the water-vascular system are:

A

tube feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

polian vesicles

A

reservours off water vascular system that control water prssure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

tiedman’s bodies

A

small glands off the ring canal in water vascular system, produce coelomocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

draw a water vascular system diagram

A

there is a center circle, the ring canal. off the center ring canal is 5 radial canals. between each radial canal is a polian vesicle and 2 tiedman’s bodies. in one section between radial canals is the madreporite. following one radial canal down there are small circles coming off called ampulla with a tube foot off each

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

coelomocytes

A

invertebrate immune cells, prod by tiedman’s bodies in echinoderm water vascular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

endoskeleton is made of:

A

dermal ossicles and is covered with epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

endoskeleton is derived from:

A

mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

dermal ossicles are made of:

A

CaCO3 crystals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ambulacral grooves are formed by the ______ and are either open/closed depending on:

A

endoskeleton; whether the ossicles cover them or not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

are ossicles living?

A

nope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

mutable collagen is:

A

a unique feature of echinoderms, is a specialized connective tissue that can be locked/unlocked into place to stiffen/loosen without muscle use. it allows for rapid state changes using only nerve impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pedicillaria are:

A

specialized pincer-like ossicle structures. on body surface. they are used for prevention of epibionts, prey capture, defense against toxins, camoflauge (can hold small particles/objects)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

pedicillaria are only found in:

A

asteroidea and echinoidea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

nerve ring is:

A

a central ring around the mouth where nerves extend from into and along ambulacral grooves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

there are 5 classes of echinoderm:

A

crinoidea, asteroidea, echinoidea, holothuroidea, ophiuroidea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

crinoidea are commonly called:

A

sea lilies and sea daisies and feather stars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

in crinoidea, the oral side faces ____

A

up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

crinoidea have 5-200 _____ each with hundreds maybe of lateral _____

A

arms; pinnules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

where is crinoidea madreporite?

A

they don’t have on

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
how do crinoidea control water?
cilia on oral surface
26
where are crinoidea tube feet?
they run along arms and pinnules, but lack suction cups
27
crinoidea are ____ feeders. how do they eat?
suspension; podia capture food and then podia + cilia move the food to their mouth along the arms
28
crinoidea reproduction
gonads are held in pinnules which rupture to release gametes into water (free-spawning)
29
asteroidea are commonly called
sea stars
30
asteroidea have ____ ambulacral grooves
open
31
asteroidea have madreporite on ____ surface
upside, aboral
32
asteroidea mouth faces:
down
33
what kind of feeding do asteroidea do?
predatorial or scavengers
34
asteroidea digestion
extracellular, and often extra-corporeal (outside body). they evert stomach and cover the desired prey to begin digesting outside body. then, they suck up the partially digested food
35
asteroidea eat ______. how?
bivalves. use tube feet to pull apart shells, extra-corporeal digestion of mollusc. can open multiple shells at once
36
asteroidea respiration
dermal gills that are extensions of the eucoelom that pass through gaps in the ossicles for gas exchange. they can also use podia for respiration
37
asteroidea have __ stomach
2: cardiac and pyloric
38
tube feet are also called
podia
39
ampulla
little connector between radial canal and tube feet. as muscles and valves to control movement, open and close tube feet
40
asteroidea have ____ for defense and structure
pedicillaria
41
echinoderms, although pentaradial display ____ symmmetry at ______ stage of lief
bilateral, larval
42
ophiuroidea are commonly called
brittle stars and basket stars
43
ophiuroidea mouth faces____ and madreporite faces ___
down; up
44
ophiuroidea ambulacral grooves are ____ similar to _____and unlike ______
closed; echinoidea; asteroidea
45
echinoidea are commonly called:
sea urchins, sand dollars, sea biscuits
46
echinoidea ossicles are fused into a solid structure called :
test
47
echinoidea are divided into 2 groups. what are they? how are they different?
regular and irregular regular are radially symmetrical while irregular are bilaterally symmetrical. regular have aristotle's lantern structure which is used for feeding/chewing. irregular have been secondarily flattened and their ambulacral grooves have been modified into petaloids. irregular are primarily burrowers and are deposit feeders/suspension feeders while regular ones are predators or detritivores
48
aristotle's lantern
structure in regular echinoidea. chewing apparatus with 5 continually growing, self-sharpening teeth, plates & muscles for eating
49
echinoidea mouth faces ____and madreporite faces ____
down; up
50
echinoidea pedicillaria and ossicles are modified how?
pedicillaria are stalked, sometimes poisonous. ossicles are modified to spines
51
holothuroidea are commonly called:
sea cucumbers
52
holothuroidea mouth faces:
it's lateral
53
holothuroidea trivium
3 abulacral grooves on the bottom of the body used for movement and have longer tube feet
54
holothuroidea bivium
two ambulacral grooves that are on top of the sea cucumber
55
most echinoderms are ____ symmetrical but holothuroidea are ___
radial or pentaradial; bilateral
56
holothuroidea have ____ arms
no
57
holothuroidea tentacles
tentacles are around the mouth and are made of enlarged tube feet
58
holothuroidea madreporite faces:
it is internal
59
holothuroidea move:
using tube feet on trivium or worm-style with musculature or can swim
60
2 main feeding guilds of holothuroidea:
suspension feeders & non-selective deposit feeders suspension feeders are elongate and have highly branching tentacles with mucus to trap particles. use tentacles around mouth to move food into mouth non-selective deposit feeders injest sediments as they crawl and digest any organic materials, excreting clean sediment. these are important for ocean floor turnover, preventing coral disease
61
holothuroidea respiration:
respiratory "trees" that branch off the hind gut. water is pumped in and out of the anus, moves around the trees for gas exchange. can also use tentacles and podia for gas exchange
62
holothuroidea hold gametes:
at the base of tentacles are the gonopores.
63
cuverian tentacles:
located at the base of respiratory trees in holothuroidea, are sticky and ejected out of anus at a predator. like silly string, may be poisonous
64
eviseration
holothuroidea defense. can eject organs such as respiratory trees, gonads, digestive tract out of anus to distract predator while they escape. can regenerate whole systems