subphylum chelicerata Flashcards
9 orders of chelicerata:
7 are arachnids, 2 are not.
acari
aranae
opilliones
solifugae
uropygi
pseudoscorpiones
scorpiones
xiphosura (not )
pycnogonida (not)
generally, chelicerata have ___ tagma with the exception of:
2; scorpiones
compared to other arthropods, chelicerata have lost _____ and _____.
antennae and antennules
the main sensory organ of chelicerates is:
legs! often called pleopods
acari includes:
ticks and mites, includes scabies, chiggers, facial mites
the tarsal sense organ on acari is called _____ and located ____
Haller’s organs; first leg
do acari have fused tagma or distinct?
fused
acari generally are ____ feeders. however some are free-living and eat:
fluid/parasitic; detritus or other mites
aranae commonly are called:
spiders :D
aranae are known for a unique organ on their butt called _______ and this has many uses:
spineret; silk production! for making homes, catching food, protection from predators, cocoons/egg laying, parachutes for floating in the air
aranae tagma fused or distinct?
distinct! prosoma and opisthoma are separated by a skinny pedicel
what do aranae have on their mouth that differentiates them from most other chelicerae groups?
poison fangs used for prey capture and digestion
aranae are terrestrial, so their respiration is through:
book lungs
what kind of feeder is aranae?
“aerial filter feeders” predatorial, catch flying insects, some eat seeds as well
opilliones are commonly called:
daddy longlegs or harvestman
opilliones vs aranae:
opilliones: no poison fangs, fused tagma, no spinerets/webs, no pedicel, males have a penis, use chelicerae for feeding
both have book lungs
opilliones are ____ feeders:
predatorial! and fast
pseudoscorpiones are actually kinda similar to aranae. how?
they have spinerets and venome glands. except! silk glands are in the head.
pseudoscorpiones vs scorpiones
pseudo: TINY (max 7mm), 2 tagma, live in tree bark or leaf litter
scorpiones: larger, 3 tagma, aculeus stinger, live in tropical regions on ground
both have claw-like chelicerae and pedipalps modified into large claws
uropygi are commonly called:
whip scorpions/vinegaroons, whip spiders
uropygi’s first set of legs are:
modified into long sensory structures
although uropygi are sometimes whip spiders, they differ from aranae because:
they lack spinerets/silk and venom
why are uropygi called vinegaroons?
they have posterior defensive glands which can shoot acetic acid/formic acid/chlorine at predators
solifugae are commonly called:
sun spiders, camel spiders, wind spiders
solifugae are somtimes called spiders, but they differ from aranae in that:
they lack venom and spinerets/silk and are active during the day
uropygi, solifugae, scorpiones, pseudoscorpiones, opilliones, acaru, xiphosura, and pcynogonida (all except aranae) have chelicerae that are:
claw-like
only class of chelicerata that do not have claw-like chelicerae are:
aranae
xiphosura are most commonly called
horseshoe crabs
xiphosura are special evolutionarily because:
they have been around for 500 million years
xiphosura blood:
biomedical, clots rapidly if it comes into contact with bacteria and bacterial toxins, used to test for purity in medicine
xiphosura populations in decline because:
blood used for medicine, hunted as fish bait, trawling methods, habitat loss
xiphosura blood is called:
haemolymph
males vs females xiphosura
males are clubbed pedipalps , females are piercer like pedipalps. also, females tend to be larger.
xiphosura mate:
at high tide on shoreline at full moon
pycnogonida are commonly called:
no-bodies, or knobby knees
pycnogonida have another structure besides chelicerae for feeding:
proboscis to suck out the fluid of cnidaria, bryozoa, porifera
pycnogonida body is so small that:
reproductive organs are forced into legs
pycnogonida body is:
very reduced, 3-6 pairs of long spindly legs.
