phylum chordata

Question 1

3 subphyla of chordata are:

Answer 1

vertebrata/craniata, cephalochordata, urochordata

Question 2

within subphylum urochordata are two important classes:

Answer 2

appendicularia and ascidiacea

Question 3

chordata have these 4 synapomorphies:

Answer 3

notochord, post-anal tail, myotomes, endostyle

Question 4

what is PPNN and why aren’t these the synapomorphies of chordates?

Answer 4

pharyngeal slits
post anal tail
notochord
nerve cord

pharyngeal slits and nerve cord are also in hemichordata

Question 5

the notochord is:

Answer 5

a flexible dorsal rod that provides structure to body. is present in both larva and adults in invertebrates. only larvae in vertebrates

Question 6

what is a post anal tail:

Answer 6

contains nerve cord and notochord, is involved with swimming

Question 7

what is myotomes?

Answer 7

V shaped blocks of muscle, run along notochord

Question 8

what is an endostyle?

Answer 8

synapomorphy of chordates. is a ciliated groove near the pharyngeal gills that is involved with mucus production in appendicularia house building and also iodine regulation. may be a precursor to vertebrate thyroid gland

Question 9

the cephalochordata are:
they generally resemble

Answer 9

a subphylum under the phylum chordata. fish. kinda.

Question 10

cephalochordata are ___ feeders. what do they use for it?

Answer 10

filter. use pharyngeal gills for it.

Question 11

organizationally, urochordata are__________. they are divided into 2 classes ___ & ____

Answer 11

a subphylum under phylum chordata. class ascidiacea & appendicularia

Question 12

urochordata circulatory system

Answer 12

hormones in blood very similar to vertebrates.

Question 13

urochordata are commonly called:

Answer 13

sea squirts, tunicates, salps

Question 13

urochordata body plan

Answer 13

enlarged pharyngeal basket, incurrent and excurrent siphons for filter feeding

Question 14

urochordata development is kinda similar to thecostraca. describe it:

Answer 14

their tadpole larva swims and glues head to a substrate. they lose their tail and notochord and are sessile as adults

Question 15

class ascideans move via:

Answer 15

jet propulsion. they contract muscle bands that go around them which squeezes the barrel. then, they close the incurrent siphon and jet water out the excurrent siphon

Question 16

ascideans are ___ feeders

Answer 16

filter; eat plankton

Question 17

salps, those clear jelly like animals we watched in the video, are modified:

Answer 17

tunicates. and are part of class ascideacea

Question 18

locate ascideans organizationally

Answer 18

ascideans are a class under subphylum urochordata under phylum chordata

Question 19

describe appendicularia organizationally

Answer 19

appendicularia are a class under subphylum urochordata under phylum chordata

Question 20

appendicularia are ____ feeders. describe their feeding mechanism

Answer 20

filter. they create a mucus structure called a “house” which has tunnels and nets that trap and sort particles for eating. when the filters clog or if a predator comes, the animal might leave its house and make a new one.

Question 21

adult appendicularia resemble:

Answer 21

a tadpole