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Zoology > Subphylum craniata > Flashcards

Subphylum craniata Flashcards

1
Q
  1. How are vertebrates different from craniates?
A

-All vertebrates are craniates but not all craniates are vertebrates.
-The presence of a cranium
-Hagfish are the only known living creatures with a skull but no vertebral column

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2
Q

?????2. Why is Class Reptilia not a monophyletic group?

A

Amniota-
- includes birds, turtles, lizards and mammals

-is not a monophyletic group if it excludes Birds, since Crocodiles are more closely related to Birds than they are to Lizards.

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3
Q
  1. How do you distinguish Diapsida from Synapsida?
A

Synapsida-
-Single lateral opening
-Mammals
Diapsida-
-Dorsal and lateral skull opening
-Reptiles, turtles, birds, etc.

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4
Q

What class is hagfish in?

A

Class Myxini

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5
Q

Hagfish (Class Myxini)
synapomorphy
and features

A

synapomorphy- slime glands
features-
- Living jawless fish
-** Craniate, not vertebrate* (no true vertebrae)
extra:
-Isoosmotic (no osmoregulation)
-No eyes, no fins, no scales

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6
Q

Petromyzontida animal

A

lamprey
-long thick looking fish with scary mouth
- kind of looks like an eal

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7
Q

Petromyzontida-lamprey
synapomorphy and features

A

synapomorphy-ammocoete larvae; sucking disc in adults
features
-Adults are parasitic
-Marine forms are Anadromous
– Move from SW to FW to breed
– Adults die after spawning

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8
Q

Class Chondrichthyes animals

A

Sharks, rays, skates, chimaeras

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9
Q

Class Chondrichthyes synapomorphy

A

cartilage skeleton
placoid scales
retain urea
pelvic claspers in males

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10
Q

?????Elasmobranchii

A
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11
Q

Holocephali animal

A

the Chimaeras aka ‘Ghost Sharks’
-Leopard chimaera -Chimaera panthera
-Spotted ratfish - Hydrolagus colliei
-Elephantfish
-Longnose chimaeras or spookfish

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12
Q

Dr. didiae described and named 17
species of ______ and there’s even
a chimaera named for me!
the name is _________ ________
-and what class subclass is it under?

A

ratfishes
Chimaera didierae
Class Chondrichthyes and subclass Holocephali

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13
Q

Class Chondrichthyes:

Holocephali features

A

-Live in all aquatic habitats
-around 60% live in deep sea
-around 50% are a meter long (3 ffet)
-around 20% are 2 meters(6 feet) long

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14
Q

Class Chondrichthyes

Many sharks use
______________ as a
means of camouflage

A

bioluminescence

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15
Q

?????????Add more about sharks Class Chondrichthyes

A
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16
Q

Osteichthyes synapomorphy

A

Bony endoskeleton (endochondral bone)
Gas bladder or lung
Bony operculum

17
Q

What is the largest group of vertibrates?

A

Actinopterygii
-this is under Osteichthyes

18
Q

Osteichthyes

Actinopterygii synapomorphy

A

rays support membranous fins (fins open & close)

19
Q

Osteichthyes

Class Sarcopterygii (‘fleshy fin’) synapomorphy

A

Girdles and appendages

20
Q

Osteichthyes

Class Sarcopterygii animals

A

coelacanth, lungfish & tetrapods

21
Q

__________ includes Tetrapods, which means we
are technically all fish in the _________ ___________!

A

Sarcopterygii includes Tetrapods, which means we
are technically all fish in the Class Sarcopterygii!

22
Q

???????The Strange Tale of the Coelacanth

A
23
Q

Synapomorphy of Choanata:
Choanae (internal nares)

A

Choanae (internal nares)

24
Q

What animal has fish and tetrapod features? and what are those features for each?

A

Tiktaalik

Tetrapod:
-Eyes atop head
-Shoulder girdle not attached to head
-Has a neck
-Robust rib cage (Body support; perhaps lungs)
-Internal nostrils (choanae)

Fish:
-Fins
-Scales
-Gills

25
Q

Living amphibians belong to
Clade ___________

A

Lissamphibia

26
Q

?????????Class Amphibia

A
27
Q

Amniota
synapomorphies

A

-Cleidoic egg (self-contained) with extraembryonic membranes
-Protective skin with keratin (scales, feathers, fur)
-Rib cage supports bod
-Excretory system conserves water

28
Q

What are the two types of skull for Amniotes?

A

Synapsida-
-Single lateral opening
-Mammals
Diapsida-
-Dorsal and lateral skull opening
-Reptiles, turtles, birds, etc.

29
Q

Diapsida animals

A

-Testudines (turtles)
-Squamata (lizards & snakes)
-Reptiles, turtles, birds

30
Q

Diapsida

Testudines animal and features

A

(turtles)
– Encased in carapace and plastron
– Vertebrae and ribs are part of shell

31
Q

Diapsida

Squamata animal and features

A

Squamata (lizards & snakes)
– Bodies with scales (ectodermal)
– Kinetic skull (highly mobile)
– Most oviparous; some viviparous

32
Q

Archosauria animals

A

Crocodilia (alligators and crocodiles)
* Aves (birds)

33
Q

Archosauria

Aves animal and feature

A

(birds)
– Feathers & adaptations for flight
– Unique respiratory system
– Complex behaviors

34
Q

Mammalia animals

A

Monotremes (platypus & echidna)
Theria (marsupials & placental mammals)
humans

35
Q

Synapomorphy of Mammalia

A

– Hair
– Mammary glands
– Unique dentition (precise occlusion)
– Dentary-squamosal jaw joint
– 3 inner ear ossicles (bones)

Zoology (23 decks)

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