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Zoology > Phylum Chaetognatha Phylum Echinodermata Phylum Hemichordata Chapter 22 > Flashcards

Phylum Chaetognatha Phylum Echinodermata Phylum Hemichordata Chapter 22 Flashcards

1
Q

What clade and Phylum is under phylum Deuterostomia?

A

Clade Ambulacraria and Phylum Chordata

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2
Q

What 2 Phylums are under Clade Ambulacaria?

A

Phylum Echinodermata and Phylum Hemichordata

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3
Q

What 5 classes are under Phylum Echinodermata?

A

Class Asteroidea, Class Crinoidea, Class Opiuroidea,Class Echinoidea, and Class Holothuroidea

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4
Q

Name the clades and phylums that are under them, starting with clade deuterostomia. there are ten all together

A

Clade deuterostomia
- Clade Ambulacraria and Phylum Chordata
Under Clade Ambulacraria there is
-Phylum Echinodermata and Phylum Hemichordata
Under Phylum Echinodermata there is
-Class Asteroidea, Class Crinoidea, Class Opiuroidea,Class Echinoidea, and Class Holothuroidea

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5
Q

is Phylum Chaetognatha in Clade Protostomia or Clade
Deuterostomia?

A

it is in both

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6
Q

what are synapomorphies (4) of Clade Deuterostomia?

A

Synapomorphies:
* Blastopore becomes anus (mouth forms second)
* True coelom formed via enterocoely
* Gill slits
* Radial Cleavage

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7
Q

Describe the features that unite chaetognaths with protostomes and with deuterostomes.

A

– Protostomia: have cuticle, longitudinal muscles only
– Deuterostomia: mouth not from blastopore; true coelom

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8
Q

22.2 How do chatognaths feed? the one that looks like a rod and is both protostome and deuterostome

A

When a chaetognath captures prey, it retracts its hood, and its teeth and raptorial spines spread apart and then snap shut with startling speed.

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9
Q

22.4 What unique synapomorphies define Phylum Echinodermata? 4

A

Synapomorphies:
* Calcareous endoskeleton (plates or ossicles)
* Water-vascular system
* Pentaradial symmetry
* Loss of gill slits

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10
Q

22.5 Describe the synapomorphy(2) found in Class Crinoidea
-Sea lilies and Feather Stars
-under Phylum Echinodermata
-looks like it has a stem with flower on top and the other one looks like a fern

A

Synapomorphy = open ambulacral grooves; tube feet move food

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11
Q

22.5 Describe the synapomorphy(2) and unique features(8) found in Class Asteroidea
-sea star

A

Synapomorphies:
* Suckers on tube feet
* Arms broadly
connected to disc

-Pedicellariae
-Dermal branchiae (= papulae)
-Madreporite
-Ambulacral area with
ambulacral groove
-Stereom structure
-Catch collagen
-Water-Vascular System

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12
Q

22.5 Describe the unique features(2) and synapomorphy(1) found in Class Ophiuroidea
* Brittle stars, basket stars

A

-Synapomorphy = no suckers on tube feet
-No pedicellariae or papulae
** Bursae for respiration & reproduction*

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13
Q

22.5 Describe the unique features(1) and synapomorphy(1) found in Class Echinoidea
* Sea urchin, sand dollar, sea biscuit

A
  • Synapomorphy = Test fused
  • Also:
    -unique chewing mechanism called Aristotle’s Lantern
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14
Q

22.5 Describe the unique features(4) and synapomorphy(1) found in Class Holothuroidea

A

sea cucumbers
-Synapomorphy = Leathery bodies with tiny ossicles
Also:
* Ambulacral areas on sole or all over body
* Respiratory tree for excretion and respiration
– Eject their guts for defence
* Pearlfish live in their butt!

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15
Q

22.6 Describe how the water vascular system functions.

A
  • Hydraulic system used for locomotion, food gathering, respiration, excretion
  • Water-Vascular System:
    – Water enters via madreporite; enters stone canal
    – Stone canal leads to ring canal (surrounds mouth)
    – Radial canals enter each arm
    – Lateral canals connect to each tube foot
    – Tube feet (podia)
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16
Q

Ambulacral groove

A

-movement, transportation of food and various other products and exchange of gases (respiration)

17
Q

Pedicellariae

A

Tiny pincers; protection & clean debris

18
Q

Papulae (dermal branchiae)

A

Thin projections of peritoneum (lining of
coelom); used for respiration

19
Q

Pyloric ceca

A

digestive glands

20
Q

Bursae

A

respiration & reproduction

21
Q

Periproct

A

-growth and balancing the pressure
-region that surrounds
the anus

22
Q

Aristotle’s lantern

A

biting and rasping

23
Q

Madreporite

A

filter water into the water vascular system
- (entrance to water vascular system)
and anus

24
Q

Ossicles

A

helps with movement and protection
in the outer wall of the starfish

25
Q

catch collagen

A

Space between ossicles that allows the sea star to hold its position for a long period of time without using its muscles

26
Q

22.6 Describe how the water vascular system functions.

A

Water-Vascular System:
– Water enters via madreporite; enters stone canal
– Stone canal leads to ring canal (surrounds mouth)
– Radial canals enter each arm; internal, lie atop ambulacral ridge
– Lateral canals connect to each tube foot
– Tube feet (podia)

27
Q

Autonomy

A

can regenerate

28
Q

22.8 What feature(s) unite Phylum Hemichordata and Phylum Echinodermata in the Clade
Ambulacraria?

A

true coelom: 3 parts

29
Q

22.9 What are the unique synapomorphies that define Phylum Hemichordata?

A

Buccal Diverticulum
(called a ‘stomochord’)

30
Q

Does Phylum Hemichordata have a notochord?

A

No

31
Q

22.10 Why is the buccal diverticulum not homologous with the notochord? (i.e., what is the
difference between a notochord and a buccal diverticulum?)

A

The buccal diverticulum is a hollow evagination of the anterior wall of buccal cavity, whereas the notochord is a long solid rod formed from the roof of the archenteron.

32
Q

What are the classes in Phylum Hemichordata and list their features

A
  • Class Enteropneusta (Acorn Worms)
    – Buccal diverticulum (protocoel) can fill with water; use hydrostatic pressure to burrow
    – Deposit & suspension feeders; ciliary mucus feeders
    – Gill slits do not contain gills; respiration via branchial epithelium & body surface
    – Dorsal nerve cord hollow in some species
  • Class Pterobranchia
    – Sedentary tube dwellers
33
Q
  • Class Enteropneusta (Acorn Worms) features
A

-Buccal diverticulum (protocoel) can fill with water
-Deposit & suspension feeders
-Gill slits do not contain gills

34
Q

Class Pterobranchia feature

A

– Sedentary tube dwellers

Zoology (23 decks)

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