Animal Distributions ch 37

Question 1

Biogeography

Answer 1

study of the distribution of plants and animals

Question 2

Dispersal

Answer 2

(move from place to place); e.g., Hawaiian fruit flies

Question 3

Vicariance

Answer 3

(physical barrier; environment changes); e.g.,
snapping shrimp

Question 4

Disjunct Distributions

Answer 4

related species widely separated
due to dispersal and vicariance

Question 5

Coriolis effect

Answer 5

earth’s rotation deflects air in each hemisphere
Northern Hemisphere deflects right
Southern Hemisphere deflects left

Question 6

37.4 Describe Earth’s 6 main terrestrial biomes.

Answer 6

• Tundra
  – Treeless; bogs, grasses
  – < 25 cm rain; avg temp -10° C
• Coniferous forest
  – Taiga; <100 cm rain; avg temp -5 -
  +3°C
  – Mixed temperate & Southern evergreen
  forests
• Temperate Deciduous Forest
  – Seasonal change; 75 – 125 cm rain; avg
  temps 5 - 18°C
• Grassland
  – Prairie; 40 – 80 cm rain; avg temps 10 -
  20°C
• Desert; <25 cm rain/yr.
• Tropical Forest
  – High rainfall (>200 cm); avg temps
  17°C
  – High diversity; species stratified

Question 7

37.5 Distinguish between lotic and lentic aquatic habitats

Answer 7

– Lentic (still/slow); ponds, lakes, swamps
– Lotic (flowing); rivers, streams

Question 8

zone of aquatic habitat that is at or near bottom, or Animals submerged; usually attached to substrate?

Answer 8

Benthic zone (benthos)

Question 9

Free swimming organisms are _________
–________ = float or swim weakly
–_________ = swim strongly

Answer 9

Pelagic
plankton
Nekton

Question 10

Epipelagic

Answer 10

first layer of sea, goes down 200 meters

Question 11

mesopelagic

Answer 11

second layer of sea, goes down 1000 meters

Question 12

Rocky intertidal

Answer 12

Wave action; fight for space
- ocean area between marine and terrestrial habitats where organisms living within this zone are well adapted to alternating exposures to both the air and sea

Question 13

Rocky subtidal

Answer 13

areas are often referred to as reefs, rocky reefs, rocky banks, pinnacles, or “hard bottom.”