Phylum Annelida ch 17 study guide

Question 1

To what higher level clades
does Phylum Annelida belong?

Answer 1

Clade Bilateria
Clade Protstomia
Clade Lophotrochozoa

Question 2

17.1 Describe the synapomorphies that define Phylum Annelida

Answer 2

Metamerism
Setae

Question 3

Metamerism

Answer 3

repeated body segmentation

Question 4

Setae

Answer 4

chitinous bristles

Question 5

parapodium

Answer 5

One of the paired lateral
processes on each side of most segments in
polychaete annelids; variously modified for
locomotion, respiration, or feeding

Question 6

Mesenteries

Answer 6

A fold of membrane that attaches the intestine to the abdominal wall and holds it in place

Question 7

17.4 Distinguish between Clade Errantia, Clade Sedentaria, and Clade Clitellata.

Answer 7

Clade Errantia = free
moving (all marine)
Clade Sedentaria =
Live in tubes or
burrows (marine, FW,
terrestrial and leeches)
Clade Clitellata (oligochaetes & leeches)

Question 8

Clade Sedentaria includes what other clade?

Answer 8

Clade Clitellata

Question 9

Clade Clitellata includes what other class?

Answer 9

Class Hirudinea (leeches)

Question 10

Clade Errantia
what animals
features

Answer 10

(motile polychaetes) worms
* Errant = move around; crawl or burrow
* Parapodia with setae on most body segments
* Respiration via gills, skin, or parapodia

Question 11

are Polychaetes monophyletic?
monophyletic means- (of a group of organisms) descended from a common evolutionary ancestor or ancestral group, especially one not shared with any other group.

Answer 11

no
They belong to many different groups within
Clade Errantia and Clade Sedentaria

Question 12

are all marine worms polychaetes and errant?

Answer 12

All marine worms are polychaetes;
Not all polychaetes are errant

Question 13

Clade Errantia (motile polychaetes)
feeding

Answer 13

carnivores or scavengers

Question 14

Clade Sedentaria
features

Answer 14

-Includes polychaetes & oligochaetes
-Head modified to have tentacles for food capture
-Respiration via parapodia; many also have gills

Question 15

Clade Sedentaria
feeding

Answer 15

Most feed on particles; use cilia or mucus to collect food
– Deposit feeding = feed on particles on the bottom
– Suspension feeding = feed on particles in the water column

Question 16

Clade Clitellata
synapomorphy
features

Answer 16

Synapomorphy = Clitellum
oligochaetes & leeches
Respiration via skin
– Excretion via metanephridia (nephridium)
- Nephrostome – water from
coelom of previous segment enters
- Exchange of salts and water across
capillaries
- Waste (ammonia and/or urea)
excreted out nephridiopore

Question 17

_________– water from
coelom of previous segment enters
- Exchange of salts and water across
capillaries
- Waste (ammonia and/or urea)
excreted out _________

and what clade?

Answer 17

Nephrostome
nephridiopore
Clade Clitellata

Question 18

Feeding and Digestion of clade Clitellata

Answer 18

• Crop
  – Gizzard
  – Typhlosole
  – Chloragogen cells

Question 19

crop

Answer 19

stores food

Question 20

Gizzard

Answer 20

grind food

Question 21

Typhlosole –

Answer 21

increase surface
area inside intestine

Question 22

Chlorogogen cells –

Answer 22

outside intestine
This tissue serves as
a center for synthesis of glycogen and fat, a function roughly equiva-
lent to that of liver cells.

Question 23

Nephridia

Answer 23

excretion process

Question 24

17.8 Describe the main features of Class Hirudinea. What organisms belong to this Class?

Answer 24

leach
Fixed number of segments (34 in ‘true’ leeches)
* No septa between segments; coelom filled with
connective tissue
– Some lose closed circulatory system
* No parapodia or setae; 1 or 2 suckers
* Clitellum temporary; only during breeding
(monecious)
* Respiration via skin
– Gills in some
* Parasitic or predaceous