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Psychology 305 > Subjective Well-Being > Flashcards

Subjective Well-Being Flashcards

1
Q

emotions

A

positive or negative experience associated with a particular pattern of physiological activity

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2
Q

do all species have emotions

A

no

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3
Q

why do we have emotions

A

they serve an evolutionary purpose

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4
Q

difference between moods and emotions

A

moods last longer and they can affect emotions

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5
Q

what can moods be affected by

A

the environment

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6
Q

2 examples of environmental effects on moods

A
  1. people get more aggressive when it’s hot

2. hunger effects mood

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7
Q

are emotions voluntary, are they modifiable

A

no they are involuntary, although cognitive appraisal can modify them

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8
Q

2 types of emotions

A
  1. destructive

2. constructive

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9
Q

are emotions good or bad?

A

not necessarily, it depends on how they are enacted

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10
Q

what makes an emotion destructive

A

when it is unrealistic

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11
Q

3 steps of how emotions unfold

A
  1. appraisal
  2. trigger
  3. refractory period
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12
Q

appraisal

A

brain processes sensory signals and relays info to amygdala

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13
Q

trigger

A

info goes to cortex which triggers an emotion

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14
Q

refractory period

A

period of time in which you are physiologically incapable of processing a second emotion

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15
Q

how can we turn destructive emotions into constructive emotions

A

by becoming aware of them

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16
Q

how is awareness related to the refractory period

A

awareness provides a gap so we don’t immediately respond and we can look at other information

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17
Q

measure of how people evaluate their own lives

A

subjective well-being (SWB)

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18
Q

what does SWB refer to

A

happiness, accomplishment, pride, etc.

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19
Q

SWB discovery in the 1950s

A

material and financial well-being don’t correlate with greater SWB

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20
Q

is SWB a scientific term

A

yes

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21
Q

3 main components of SWB

A
  1. life satisfaction
  2. positive affect (emotions)
  3. lack of negative affect
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22
Q

are the 3 components of SWB interconnected

A

no, they are independent from one another

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23
Q

who is the expert when analyzing SWB

A

the individual being studied is the expert of their own life

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24
Q

why is subjective analysis important (3 reasons)

A
  1. different people can react to similar circumstances in different ways
  2. happiness is important in its own right
  3. objective measures can be misleading
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25
2 types of happiness
1. hedonic happiness | 2. eudaimonic happiness
26
hedonic happiness
instant gratification and naive happiness
27
eudaimonic happiness
broader form of happiness
28
what does euadaimonic happiness include (3 things)
1. life purpose/growth 2. sense of autonomy 3. feeling of belonging
29
genetic role in happiness
genetics control 50% of your happiness set point
30
happiness set point
external events have a short lived impact on happiness, before we return to our set point
31
physical beauty effect on happiness
people who are more beautiful are happier
32
age effect on happiness
people are slightly happier in their 60s compared to their 20s
33
marriage effect on happiness
married people are happier than single people
34
paradox of affluence
number of happy people is the same today as 50 years ago, and depression rates have increased - even though quality of life should be better
35
difference between life now and 50 years ago (3 things)
1. incomes have doubled 2. more food, clothing, cars, bigger homes 3. better health
36
hedonic treadmill
we think material possession will make us happy but this is only temporary
37
focusing illusion
making a judgment on something by only focusing on a few features
38
example of a focusing illusion
would you be happier living in California? | - most people don't consider pollution, no free health care, friends back home, etc.
39
how studied the MAAS
Brown and Ryan (2003)
40
MAAS
mindfulness attention awareness scale
41
purpose of MAAS
find a connection between mindfulness and subjective well-being
42
how was the MAAS formed
started with 184 questions and narrowed to 15
43
how many stages to select these questions
5
44
5 stages of making the MAAS
1. excluding based on own criteria 2. gave questions to mindfulness experts 3. gave questions to psychology experts and students 4. looked at ratings and showed more students and faculty 5. narrowed to 15
45
5 MAAS studies
1. how does MAAS correlate with other measures 2. are there group differences in mindfulness 3. are implicit and explicit measures of affect associated 4. MAAS and autonomous activity and emotional well-being 5. can changes in MAAS predict emotional disturbance and stress
46
how does MAAS correlate with other measures
compared MAAS with 17 other scales and it was both consistent and gave new information
47
are there group differences in mindfulness
scale found different results in meditaters showing it tests mindfulness
48
are implicit and explicit measures of affect associated
people who scored high on MAAS also scored high on implicit association tests
49
MAAS and autonomous activity and emotional well-being
people who scored higher on mindfulness also scored higher on autonomy
50
can changes in MAAS predict emotional disturbance and stress
yes, higher mindfulness = lower mood disturbance and stress
51
example of how evolution builds on existing structures
the cortex sits on millions of years of evolutions
52
which part of the brain helps us feel separate
left parietal lobe
53
how have we evolved to maintain stability
many brain functions responsible for maintaining homeostasis
54
example of how we evolved to scan for threats
brains process fearful faces faster than happy faces
55
mental simulations
the mind creates representations of the external world
56
where does most input to visual cortex come from
higher cortical areas, rather than the eyes
57
4 downsides to simulations
1. pull us out of the present moment 2. can be better or worse than reality 3. simplifications 4. strengthens neural connections in the mind between anticipatory anxiety and real anxiety
58
2 reactions we experience
1. first order | 2. second order
59
first order reaction
natural reaction to something
60
2nd order reaction
reaction to first order reaction
61
harmful 2nd order reactions
a 2nd order reaction without a first order reaction (eg: reacting to something we think someone said)
62
habitual 2nd order reaction to positive events
clinging
63
first areas of brain active during meditation
1. prefrontal cortex | 2. cingulate cortex
64
prefrontal cortex function during meditation
forming the intention to meditate
65
cingulate cortex function during meditation (and specific part involved)
focuses attention (ACC)
66
which part of the brain does the PFC activate
the thalamus
67
what is triggered by thalamus activity (3 things)
1. increase in GABA 2. decrease in glutamate 3. more beta-endorphins
68
effect of beta-endorphins
increase happiness and maybe even joy and euphoria
69
what part of the brain is involved after the thalamus
parietal lobe
70
what does the parietal lobe do
maintains a sense of your space
71
how does GABA effect the parietal lobe
inhibitory effect, causes you to lose separateness in space
72
what part of brain gets involved after the parietal cortex
hippocampus and amygdala
73
what does the hippocampus do during meditation
sends feedback to the frontal cortex | - and involved in memory
74
what does the amygdala do during meditation
inhibited | - areas associated with negative emotions
75
hypothalamus during meditation
turns on parasympathetic nervous system activity which creates relaxation and peacefulness
76
what happens when breathing slows down
medulla gets the pons to produce fewer epinephrine and the body releases fewer stress hormones

Psychology 305 (8 decks)

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