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Psychology 305 > Context > Flashcards

Context Flashcards

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1
Q

what development in the brain allowed for ecstatic experiences

A

neocortex

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2
Q

archeology

A

paintings and pictographs beginning ~35 000 years ago in France

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3
Q

ethnobotany

A

scientific study of traditional knowledge of how to use plants

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4
Q

what did archaic people know about plants

A

what to eat, what could heal, what had psychoactive properties

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5
Q

5 possible early origins of meditation

A
  1. hunting
  2. sex
  3. fighting
  4. trauma
  5. fire
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6
Q

when was fire domesticated

A

~800 000 BCE

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7
Q

2 examples of cultures with ecstatic rituals

A
  1. Eleusis

2. !Kung San

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8
Q

what was Eleusis

A

small town in Ancient Greece

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9
Q

what occured in Eleusis

A

an agricultural festival

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10
Q

what went down at said agricultural festivals

A

secret rites, dances, hallucinogens

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11
Q

what were Greeks considered to be if they did not attend the festival

A

“walking corpses”

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12
Q

why “walking corpses”

A

because the festival opened your eyes to the experience of life

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13
Q

what is !Kung San

A

group from the Kalahari desert in Africa

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14
Q

do they still exist today?

A

yes

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15
Q

why do they perform their ceremony

A

to experience !kia (ecstasy)

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16
Q

what do they do at the ceremony

A

dance

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17
Q

what arises from the dance

A

power called n/um

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18
Q

what do people gain from this ceremony

A

healing powers

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19
Q

what happens to their ability to enter !kia after the ceremony

A

they can enter it deliberately and repeatedly

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20
Q

shamanistic culture

A

a culture with a ceremony to enter ecstasy, leading to healing powers

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21
Q

earliest written records of meditation are from where

A

India

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22
Q

early name for meditation in India

A

yoga

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23
Q

when did the word “yoga” originate

A

in the Vedic age when Indo-Aryans came from Khyber into north-western India

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24
Q

what did “yoga” originally mean

A

Indo-Aryans yoked their horses to chariots and chariots were very difficult to ride.
skill required was knowns as “yuj”

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25
Q

yuj

A

an achieved skill mastered by going on an adventure

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26
Q

what year did yoga refer to priests harnessing their minds in?

A

400 BCE

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27
Q

when did records of meditation in China first appear?

A

300 BCE

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28
Q

first meditation book from China

A

“Basic Writings” by Chuang Tzu (“Zhuangzi”)

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29
Q

how did Zhuangzi describe meditation

A

a skill you are cultivating to complete a difficult task

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30
Q

5 cicadas metaphor

A

represents keeping 5 senses focused on one task

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31
Q

earliest meditation records?

A

500 BCE from India and 300 BCE from China

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32
Q

who started an organization with growing interest in the East

A

Madame Blavatsky

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33
Q

who did Madame Blavatsky meet while traveling

A

Henry Olcott

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34
Q

what organization did Blavatsky and Olcott start?

A

Theosophical Society

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35
Q

break down the word theosophical

A

“theos” = god + “sophos” = wise

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36
Q

3 goals of theosophical society

A
  1. interfaith dialogue
  2. encourage the study of science
  3. investigate the unknown
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37
Q

date of first world parliament of religions meeting

A

Sept. 11, 1893

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38
Q

location of first world parliament of religions meeting

A

Chicago

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39
Q

purpose of world parliament of religions

A

have interfaith dialogue

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40
Q

significance of California gold rush

A

Chinese immigrants bring religion and traditions to the West coast

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41
Q

time period of the beat poets

A

1950s

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42
Q

beat poets

A

early hippies interested in esoteric things like meditation

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43
Q

other significant event in 1950s

A

China invades Tibet leaving Tibetans looking for places to live and people to teach

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44
Q

hippies

A

people in 1960s who travelled to India looking about meditation

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45
Q

3 scientific periods of meditation

A
  1. naive enthusiasm
  2. disillusionment
  3. cautious interest
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46
Q

naive enthusiasm

A

people hear crazy stories about meditation and begin uncontrolled and ineffective studies

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47
Q

disillusionment

A

due to ineffective studies of 1970s people become sceptical of meditation

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48
Q

cautious interest

A

good experimental designs to study meditation

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49
Q

Judaism origin date

A

over 3000 years ago

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50
Q

percent of the world that is Jewish

A

~2%

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51
Q

when were Jewish people called Jews

A

6th century

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52
Q

difference when Judaism first came around

A

initially polytheistic

53
Q

is being Jewish just a religion?

A

no, it is ethnicity, culture, peoplehood, and religion

54
Q

Judaism holy book

A

Torah

55
Q

how is the Torah related to meditation

A

chanting the Torah is a form of meditation

56
Q

Kabbalah

A

mystical interpretation of the Torah

57
Q

how does Hebrew contribute to Kabbalah

A

in Hebrew every letter is a number and every word has numerical value

58
Q

tree of life

A

tree with 10 spheres of energy in Kabbalah

59
Q

Hitbodedut

A

“self-seclusion”

living life in joy and ecstasy

60
Q

how does one perform hitbodedut

A

go to an empty field and speak to god by pouring out thoughts

61
Q

what can hitbodedut lead to

A

nullification in which everything other than focus of god melts away

62
Q

what percentage of the world is Christian

A

~33%

63
Q

what does meditation focus on in Christianity

A

connection between oneself and God/Jesus

64
Q

contemplative vs petitionary prayer

A 
contemplative = thinking and contemplating
petitionary = asking for something
65
Q

examples of contemplative prayer

A

saying “hail Mary” over and over or contemplating the crucifixion

66
Q

gnosticism

A

in order to raise consciousness up, you must reject the world and live in poverty

67
Q

“gnosis”

A

to know

68
Q

Desert fathers of the 3rd century

A

Christian hermits that moved to desert and focused intently on God’s presence

69
Q

Taize meditative singing

A

sing short song with simple and repetitive melodies

70
Q

where and when was Taize meditative singing invented

A

1940s in France

71
Q

3 focuses for meditative singing

A
  1. breath
  2. words
  3. meaning
72
Q

quaker service

A

2 or more people sitting in silence for ~1 hour and at some point feeling compelled to say something

73
Q

giving voice to ministery

A

during a quaker service when an individual is compelled to say something

74
Q

what percent of the world is Islamic?

A

~20%

75
Q

when was Islam founded and by whom

A

7th century by the prophet Mohammed

76
Q

what does Islam mean

A

“surrender” or “submission”

77
Q

5 pillars of Islam

A
  1. confession (recognize one god Allah)
  2. prayer (5 times per day)
  3. giving
  4. fasting
  5. pilgrimage (travel to Mecca once in lifetime)
78
Q

sufism

A

lose sense of self to achieve union with Allah

79
Q

“fana”

A

turning away from the world and towards God (part of sufism)

80
Q

dervish

A

group of Sufis that have taken vows of poverty

81
Q

what do the dervishes do?

A

spinning in a circle

82
Q

what percent of the world is Hindu

A

~14% of the world

83
Q

is it relatively new or old

A

oldest of the big 5

84
Q

is Hinuism one religion

A

no, it’s a mixture of many religions, cultures, and philosophies

85
Q

what does “Hindus” mean

A

“everybody over there”

86
Q

Bhakti

A

devotion to a divine being or love towards a God

87
Q

Ishta

A

a devotional object

88
Q

last 4 steps of yoga in hinduism

A
  1. pratyahara
  2. dharana
  3. dhyana
  4. samadhi
89
Q

pratyhara

A

withdrawing attention away from senses and focusing on the inner world

90
Q

dharana

A

concentration

91
Q

dhyana

A

keeping the mind still

92
Q

samadhi

A

subject and object merges and there is no difference between you and ishta

93
Q

is buddhism a religion

A

no, there are no gods or dogmas

94
Q

dogma

A

one right way to do things

95
Q

“budh”

A

“aware,” “know”

96
Q

is Buddha a person?

A

no, Buddha is a title (like president)

97
Q

what does Buddhism say about suffering

A

suffering and emptiness can be cured through meditation and kindness

98
Q

what does emptiness become through kindness and meditation

A

interconnectedness

99
Q

shamatha

A

focused meditation

100
Q

vipassana

A

mindfulness or insight

101
Q

metta

A

loving kindness

102
Q

dao

A

“the way”

103
Q

what is dao

A

balance between opposite energies

104
Q

“chi”

A

life force, energy

105
Q

tai chi

A

moving form of meditation to make chi

106
Q

qigong

A

focuses on recognizing and harnessing chi

107
Q

martial arts from China

A

wu shu and gong fu

108
Q

“wu”

A

stop using this weapon

109
Q

wu shu

A

stop using weapons against others and yourself

110
Q

gong fu

A

work and effort

111
Q

budo

A

book about being civil and a decent human being

“way of war”

112
Q

kyudo

A

way of the bow

113
Q

laido

A

way of the sword

114
Q

aikido

A

way of unifying with life energy

115
Q

purpose of budo

A

find harmony inside oneself and within one’s environment

116
Q

is dancing exclusive to humans?

A

no, also bees, cranes, and chimps

117
Q

where were footprints found indicating dancing

A

paleolithic cave in Tuc d’Audoubert

118
Q

why did the footprints indicate dancing

A

in a circle with a heel to toe pattern

119
Q

other types of dance

A

powwow dance and Haitian voudou dance

120
Q

transpersonal psychology

A

experiences extending beyond the individual

121
Q

who studied transpersonal psychology

A

Maslow and Frankl

122
Q

phenomenology

A

study of subjective experience

123
Q

who described 4 qualities of mystical experiences and what was the book called, and when?

A

William James
The Varieties of Religious Experience
1902

124
Q

4 qualities of mystical experience

A
  1. ineffability
  2. noetic quality
  3. transiency
  4. passivity
125
Q

ineffability

A

can’t be described

126
Q

noetic quality

A

noetic = knowing, states of insight

127
Q

transiency

A

can’t be maintained for long

128
Q

passivity

A

feeling that something else is in control

Psychology 305 (8 decks)

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