Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology 305 > Medicine > Flashcards

Medicine Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

illness perspective in early 20th century

A

biomedical perspective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

biomedical perspective

A

health is the absence of illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

current perspective on illness

A

biopsychosocial model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

biopsychosocial model

A

social and cultural forces are fundamental to health and illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how does the biopsychosocial model shift the patient’s perspective

A

focus on dealing with stress and coping mechanisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how does the biopsychosocial model shift the doctor’s perspective

A

focus on looking at a patient in a social and cultural context

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

2 new fields of psychology

A
  1. health psychology

2. positive psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

health psychology

A

how psychology, behavioral, and cultural factors shape health and illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

positive psychology

A

interest in positive, adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how has the public shifted recently

A

increased immigration and therefore alternative healthcare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

example of this public shift

A

meditation and Eastern cultures in North America

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

2 kinds of change associated with meditation

A
  1. changes during meditation

2. changes after meditation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

changes during meditation

A

state changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

example of state changes

A

altered sensory or cognitive experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

example of changes after meditation

A

healthier brain and better blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

do all forms of meditation effect the body in the same way?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

2 easy measurements that can be used to study meditation

A
  1. heart rate/blood pressure

2. respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

meditation effect on blood pressure

A

both diastolic and systolic reductions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what causes blood pressure reductions in meditation (2 things)

A
  1. large muscle groups that are pressing against arteries relax
  2. artery walls relax
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what else related to blood could meditation possibly help reduce (preliminary evidence)

A

heart attacks and strokes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

breathing during meditation

A

slows down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how is breathing related to health

A

poor breathing = poor health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

why does poor breathing = poor health

A

O2 consumption is related to metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

can O2 consumption be controlled?

A

no, it can be modified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

how can we modify O2 consumption

A

exercise, sleep, and meditation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

effect of breathing on ANS

A

poor breathing worsens parts of the ANS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

how does meditation effect oxygen consuption

A

involves slower and deeper breaths which increase O2, balance CO2, and increase nitric oxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

effect of nitric oxide in blood

A

opens up constricted blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

one way of measuring stress

A

galvanic skin response (skin resistance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

how does skin indicate stress

A

low skin conductance indicates stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

meditation effect on galvanic skin response

A

meditators have high skin resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

3 ways stress is different in meditators

A
  1. reduced cortisol and catecholamines
  2. reduced stress and depression
  3. increased happiness and productivity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

2 ways meditation helps immune system

A
  1. improved immune system in cancer patients

2. increased natural killer cells and helper T cells in HIV patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

which type of meditation is usually related to immune system

A

mindfulness

35
Q

who studied meditation effect on the immune system

A

Davidson (2003)

36
Q

Davidson experiment

A

8 week mindfulness program

- after gave everyone a flu vaccine

37
Q

Davidson results

A

significant increase in left anterior brain activity (happiness)
- increases in antibody responses

38
Q

how was EEG activity and antibody response related in Davidson’s study

A

positively correlated

39
Q

what is a good sign of a healthy brain

A

thick cortex

40
Q

what happens to the cortex as we age

A

it thins about .023 mm per year

41
Q

disease associated with accelerated cortical thinning

A

Alzheimer’s

42
Q

who studied cortical thickness in meditators

A

Lazar (2005)

43
Q

Lazar study of cortical thickness

A

viewed meditators in an MRI vs controls

44
Q

cortical areas Lazar found to be different in meditators

A
  1. insula (attention)
  2. anterior part of brain (anteroception)
  3. part of parietal cortex (sensory perception)
45
Q

cerebral blood flow

A

responsible for meeting the brain’s metabolic demands

46
Q

too little cerebral blood flow

A

ischemia

47
Q

who studied cerebral blood flow

A

Wang (2011)

48
Q

4 purposes of Wang’s study

A
  1. are different brain areas active for different meditation types
  2. is self report correlated to brain activity
  3. do meditation and stress have opposite effect in the brain
  4. do these effects last
49
Q

kind of meditation used in Wang’s study

A

concentration, mindfulness, and a control task

50
Q

brain areas active for concentration meditation

A

medial prefrontal cortex

51
Q

what is the medial prefrontal cortex associated with

A

focused attention

52
Q

difference in brain areas for mindfulness

A

decreased limbic system activity

53
Q

what is decreased limbic system activity associated with

A

relaxation, deep breathing

54
Q

which brain areas remained active after meditating

A

left anterior insula

55
Q

effect of meditation on interconnectedness

A

meditation = increase in self reported interconnected feelings

56
Q

how is self report related to what is actually occurring in the brain

A

they are correlated

57
Q

brain waves

A

electric activity of millions of neurons in the brain

58
Q

why are brain waves called “waves”

A

they are cyclical in nature

59
Q

what machines can measure brain waves

A

EEGs

60
Q

gamma waves

A

25-100 Hz

61
Q

where do gamma waves move from

A

starts in thalamus and sweeps from front to back

62
Q

what happens with thalamus damage

A

gamma waves stop and we go into a coma

63
Q

what problem might gamma waves solve

A

the binding problem

64
Q

binding problem

A

how aspects of our experience are unified into one perception

65
Q

neural synchronization

A

oscillations of neurons fire together repeatedly and then stop

66
Q

what does neural synchrony cause

A

connectivity between brain areas

67
Q

who studied neural synchronization

A

Lutz (2004)

68
Q

Lutz study

A

practice loving kindness and compassion meditation

- use EEG to measure gamma synchrony

69
Q

Lutz results

A

highest levels of gamma synchrony in meditators

70
Q

nociception

A

activity of pain receptors

71
Q

3 components of pain

A
  1. pure perception of pain intensity
  2. immediate emotional reaction to pain
  3. long-term emotional reaction to pain
72
Q

4 things that modify experience of pain

A
  1. situation
  2. culture
  3. attention
  4. belief
73
Q

Kabat-Zinn study on pain

A

mindfulness based stress reduction program significantly reduces pain

74
Q

longitudinal study on pain

A

after MBSR pain reduces over time

75
Q

who else studied pain and meditation

A

Orme-Johnson (2006)

76
Q

what did Orme-Johnson use to study pain

A

the pain visual analog scale

77
Q

4 possible explanations of reducing pain in Orme-Johnson study

A
  1. reduce anticipatory anxiety
  2. reduce physiological causes of pain
  3. distraction from pain
  4. increase endogenous endorphins
78
Q

results of Orme-Johnson study

A

both groups rated subjective ratings the same

- meditating groups had less activity in brain areas associated with pain

79
Q

how studied meditation and smoking

A

Bowen and Marlett (2009)

80
Q

problem with jails

A

70% of criminals released end up back in jail in 3 years

81
Q

effect of meditation in jails

A

decrease in anxiety, drug, use, recidivism

82
Q

recidivism

A

people going back to jail

83
Q

problems with the jail studies

A

many methodological issues

Psychology 305 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions