Sub-cortical Structures Flashcards
Structures in the hindbrain?
Medulla oblangata
Pons
reticular formation
Cerebellum
Medulla oblongata
Location: extension of spine
Controls:
Cardiovascular - breathing and heart rate
Reflexes - vomit, cough, sneeze
Sensory and motor pathway - muscles (face, mouth, neck and shoulders)
Pons
Location: on top of medulla
Controls: information to face, eyes, ears and brain
Neurones pass from one side of brain to other side of brain
Regulation of sleep - REM and immobilisation
Reticular formation
Location: deep in medulla and pons
Controls: regulate attention and sleep
Damage = coma or death
Sends info from lower section of nervous system (body) to higher cortical regions for processing
Cerebellum aka little brain
Controls: motor, balance, gait and posture
Cerebellum hypoplasia
Underdeveloped cerebellum = uncoordinated movements
Midbrain
Superior colliculus
Interior colliculus
Tectum
Tegmentum
Substantia nigra
Forebrain
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Basal ganglia
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Thalamus
Location: centre of brain
Controls: sends sensory information Touch, taste, vision, hearing to primary vortices for further processing
I.e
Touch, pain, pressure sent from sensory neutrons —> thalamus —-> primary somatosensory cortex
Hypothalamus
Location: below thalamus
Controls: 4 F’s - avoidance and motivational Behaviours
Fighting, fleeing, feeding, mating
Basal ganglia
Location:
Controls: movement, emotional regulation and cognition
Help learn coordinated movement
What does damage to basal
Ganglia result in?
Parkinson’s disease
Hippocampus
Location: one in each hemisphere to the side of thalamus and basal ganglia
Controls: consolidating short term memory into long term memory so you can rely on it later
Damage to hippocampus can cause?
Anterograde amnesia - unable to form new memories
Amygdala
Location: 2 near end of hippocampus
Controls: fear and aggression
Constantly scanning for information which may or May not be relevant to you
