Stylistic Terminology Flashcards

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1
Q

Register

A

The formality of language

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2
Q

Lexis

A

Words

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3
Q

Semantics

A

The meaning of words

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4
Q

Paralinguistics

A

The aspects of spoken communication that do not involve words: body language, gestures, facial expressions, tone and pitch of voice etc

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5
Q

Syntax

A

Sentence structure/ order of words in a sentence

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6
Q

Discourse features

A

Discourse is any written or spoken communication/ expected aspects of interaction between people

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7
Q

Non-fluency features

A

Aspects of spoken language where spontaneity is suggested … fillers, hesitation,restarting and pausing etc

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8
Q

Spontaneous speech

A

Speech that is not planned/ scripted

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9
Q

Suprasegmental features

A

Relating to a speech feature, such as stress or pitch that affects more than one speech sound / where the stress in the line is

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10
Q

Standard/dominant dialect

A

The form of language most commonly used in a specific region or social group

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11
Q

Non-standard English

A

Not conforming to the normal grammar, language or pronunciation used

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12
Q

Received Pronunciation

A

The standard form of English pronunciation based on educated speech in southern England

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13
Q

Grices Maxims

A

The maxim of quantity, quality, relation and manner

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14
Q

The maxim of manner

A

Where one tries to be as clear and brief as one can be in what one says and where one avoids ambiguity

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15
Q

The maxim of relation

A

Where one tries to be relevant and says things that are pertinent( relevant) to the discussion

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16
Q

The maxim of quality

A

Where one tries to be truthful and does not give information that is false or that is not supported by evidence

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17
Q

The maxim of quantity

A

Where one tries to be as informative as one possibly can, giving as much information as is needed but no more

18
Q

Modality

A

Where a speaker or writer expresses certainty, possibility, willingness etc through the use of modal words

19
Q

Provenance

A

The provenance of something is the place that it comes from or that it originally came from

20
Q

Pragmatics

A

The way in which context contributes to meaning, e.g what someone might find funny another might find offensive because of context

21
Q

Social-historical context

A

Relating so social or historical events/ factors

22
Q

Production

A

The action of making something

23
Q

Reception

A

The way in which an audience receives a text/ react to it

24
Q

Audience

A

The people watching, listening or reading a text

25
Q

Purpose

A

The reason why the text exists

26
Q

Utterance

A

A spoken word, statement or vocal sound

27
Q

Adjacency pairs

A

Turn-taking in speech / speaking one after the other

The first utterance provokes a resounding utterance

28
Q

Gate keeping

A

The activity of controlling or filtering what you say in speech and writing

29
Q

Idiom

A

A common word or phrase high means something different from its literal meaning but can be understood because of its popular use
‘Mad’ = literally means clinically insane but used as positive in contemporary language

30
Q

Idiolect

A

An individuals distinctive and unique use of language

31
Q

Hedging

A

A word or statement used that makes a statement less forceful or assertive

32
Q

Extempore

A

Spoken or does without preparation

33
Q

Amelioration

A

They act of making something better/ improvement

E.g - ‘sick’ = used positively now but means illness

34
Q

Covert prestige

A

Not the traditionally accepted way of speaking

35
Q

Overt prestige

A

Traditionally accepted speech, such as RP (received pronunciation)

36
Q

Logos

A

The reasoning/ logic behind an argument

37
Q

Pathos

A

A quality that evokes pity or sadness

38
Q

Ethos

A

A person’s set of beliefs, ideas, morals etc

39
Q

Constitute statement

A

Declaring something to be the case

40
Q

Perjoration

A

Downgrading or depreciation of a words meaning
When as word with a positive meaning develops a negative one
E.g - ‘Silly’ = used to mean happy, innocent, harmless but now means foolish, senseless