Grammar And Morphology Flashcards
Concrete noun
A concrete noun is a noun that can be identified with one of the 5 senses (taste, touch, sight, hearing or smell) and is a physical thing
Proper noun
A name used for an individual person, place or organisation e.g London or Jane
Abstract noun
A type of noun that you can’t see or touch and usually denotes and idea or quality or state such as happiness or danger
Pronoun
A word that can function as a noun phrase alone and that refers to either the people in the discourse (I, you) or to someone or something mentioned elsewhere in the discourse (she,it,this)
Dynamic verb
A word that shows continued/ progressive action - walking, jogging
Stative verb
Describes a state of being - concern, belong
Imperative verb
A verb that instructs people to do something
Active verb
An active verb is where the verb is clearly the subject/ ‘the doer’ in the sentence
‘My parents bought a house’ = the verb is active, the subject ( my parents) does the action of buying
Passive verb
When the subject of the sentence isn’t doing something the verb is passive
‘You are loved by me’ = the subject ( you) sits passively while the action (loving) is performed by somebody else ( me)
Modal verb
A word that expresses necessity or possibility
Pre-modifier
Pre-modifiers are words (adjectives) which modify the words that follow them in a sentence
Post-modifier
A word that follows a word or phrase that it describes
Preposition
A word or set of words that indicate location or some other relationship between noun and other parts of the sentence
The cat sat ON the mat
Conjunction
A word used to connect clauses or sentences
Minor sentence
A sentence that isn’t grammatically correct or complete
Simple sentence
A sentence consisting of one clause (no connectives) with a single subject
Complex sentence
A sentence containing a subordinate clause/ clauses
Dependant clause
A clause that provides a sentence with additional information but cannot stand as a sentence in its own: Molly likes hockey BECAUSE SHE ENJOYS IT (in bold = dependent clause)
Independent clause
A clause that can stand by itself as a simple sentence
Subordinate clause ( same as dependent clause!)
A clause that forms part of and is dependent on a main clause
Embedded clause
A clause that is in the middle on a main clause and adds information to a sentence
Adjectival clause
A type of dependent clause that works or describe a noun in a sentence; usually start with a relative pronoun
‘Never go to a doctor whose office plants have died’ = the noun is the plants and this is an adjectival clause because it describes that the plants have died
Relative pronoun
Used to connect a clause/phrase to a noun such as who, whose,whom, which and that
Adverbial clause
A group of words that function as an adverb in a sentence and entire clause modified a verb
‘IF SAM CALLS, tell him I will be late’
Adverb
Describes adjectives and verbs and they give information about how an action was performed:
“She walked SLOWLY’
Indefinite article
Refer to a non-specific noun
‘I want AN orange’ rather than ‘I want THE orange’
Comparative
Adjectives or phrases that compare one thing to another
‘Smarter’
Superlative
Adjective or adverb that expresses the highest quality or degree; ends in ‘est’ has a word like ‘most’ in front:
‘Bravest’ or ‘most fiercely’
Absolute
Phrase that modifies an independent clause but if taken away the sentence will still make sense in its own:
‘MUFFINS BAKING IN THE OVEN, Sally waited for her friends to arrive.’
Interrogative sentence
A question
Declarative sentence
A statement
Exclamatory sentence
Expresses extreme emotion and ends in and exclamation point
Imperative sentence
A command
