stuttering treatment in adults

Question 1

direct modification of speech (before 1940)

Answer 1

• rhythm
• respiratory exercises
• keep smooth flow of air

Question 2

darwin

Answer 2

softening of difficult sounds

-easy onset. soft contacts

Question 3

mcCormac

Answer 3

deep inspiration and forcible expiration

Question 4

comstock

Answer 4

chorus reading

Question 5

suggestion/hypnosis (1940)

Answer 5

• try this it will work!

- hypnosis studies have poor results

Question 6

stuttering schools (before 1940)

Answer 6

• silence for several weeks while stutterer was bombarded with suggestion
• then speech exercises occurred
• testimonials were only evidence, this led to controlled conditions of stuttering

Question 7

speech devices (before 1940)

Answer 7

• whistle device attached to teeth

- pointy edge poked the person the the articulators became too tense

Question 8

psychotherapy (1920-70)

Answer 8

FREUD

• targets anxiety, stress
• how the pasts determines how you behave now
• indirect tx

Question 9

mental hygiene (1920-70)

Answer 9

TRAVIS

• increase acceptance of yourself and your social problem that seems to be the cause of your stuttering
• what in your social environment is making you stutter
• cerebral dominance theory

Question 10

Bryngelson

Answer 10

DIRECT approaches

• sidedness training
• voluntary stuttering

Question 11

johnson (diagnosogenic theory)

Answer 11

DIRECT

• problem is that the stutterer wants conscious control but they don’t need it
• voluntary stuttering evolves into cognitive retraining (to not avoid stuttering)

Question 12

van riper goal

Answer 12

fluent stuttering to replace abnormal symptoms

Question 13

van riper steps

Answer 13

1. motivation
2. identification
3. desensitization (voluntary stuttering)

Question 14

van riper speech modifications

Answer 14

• cancellations (AFTER stutter say word again stutter free)
• pull outs (DURING stutter, prolongations)
• prep sets (if you notice a stutter coming, prepare articulators w placement)

Question 15

behavioral era focused on

Answer 15

• SPEECH
• trying to make an FIC permanent
• using the establish, transfer, and maintain structure
• PRO good evidence of reductions in stuttering
• CON: accused of just focusing on speech

Question 16

Difficulties accompanying the use of a masker

Answer 16

• hearing loss while masker is on
• difficult to use on telephone
• effect disappears when noise is removed
• some clients may hesitate to wear device in public

Question 17

metronome aided rhythm

Answer 17

timing syllables…increase to whole phrases

• increase speech rate over time
• multiple syllables per tone
• not good as 1st choice because it doesn’t carry over
• can be used as short term technique

Question 18

prolonged speech characteristics

Answer 18

gentle onset
light contacts
blending of words
easy breathing
extended voicing
exaggerated phrasing
stretching out words

Question 19

things that may lead to improvements in cognitive, social, and emotional variables

Answer 19

• meeting others who stutter
• practice somewhat difficult situations early in tx
• discuss feelings and thoughts after performing difficult activities
• educate client about stuttering
• group practice
• self disclosure
• help client realize there is no quick fix