Generalization

Question 1

3 options for generalization

Answer 1

1. train and hope (BOO!)
2. sequential modification
3. incorporate generalization from the start

Question 2

sequential modification

Answer 2

-structured transfer program with hierarchy of tasks

clinic to different therapy room to outside clinic

-ask them to choose hierarchy

Question 3

incorporate generalization from the start

Answer 3

• practice even when they sound unnatural
• may need to revert back to unnatural speech for some reason and its good for them to be comfortable with it
• modify maladaptive environment

Question 4

Stokes and Osnes (1989) principles for generalization: environment and reinforcers

Answer 4

• use natural environment and reinforces as much as possible

- as similar to real world as possible

Question 5

Stokes and Osnes (1989) principles for generalization: goals

Answer 5

select goals that people will noticed and outside world will reinforce

Question 6

Stokes and Osnes (1989) principles for generalization: train diversely

Answer 6

do not work on something so narrowly that you need to expand on it a low later
-use a variety of situation with a variety of people and in a variety of environments

Question 7

Stokes and Osnes (1989) principles for generalization: stimuli

Answer 7

• (physical) use things common to treatment and real world
• (self-mediated physical) something carried around by client as reminder to tx
• (social) bring in peers
• (self-mediated verbal) “I will do my tool now”

Question 8

relapse after treatment due to client occurs because..

Answer 8

clients failure to practice
client does not become their own therapist

-client needs to take on treatment themselves

Question 9

relapse after treatment due to clinician because

Answer 9

• bad procedure
• mismatch of goals
• no generalization/maintenance programs

Question 10

active contingence maintenance plan

Answer 10

ACTIVE: client continues to do something that is consciously associated with tx
CONTINGENT: contingency for maintained success is increasing time between clinic visits; contingency for not meeting goals in more visits

Question 11

fade contingencies during how many years of non stuttered speech?

Answer 11

one year

Question 12

at what intervals should you keep assessing?

Answer 12

monthly or so to make sure fluency remains

Question 13

FOR ADULTS what are maintenance goals before treatment

Answer 13

• determine desire for change
• discuss impact of speech change
• match procedures with goals

Question 14

FOR ADULTS what are maintenance goals during establishment and transfer

Answer 14

REQUIRE

• zero stuttering criterion to maintain non stuttered speech
• multiple generalization techniques
• emphasize and OVERLEARN SUCCESS

Question 15

FOR ADULTS what are maintenance goals during maintenance phase

Answer 15

• active
• contingent
• self managed
• support systems (support group)