Manning (1999) Progress under the surface and over time

Question 1

how should we treat stuttering?

Answer 1

• affective (emotional aspects)
• behavioral (what public sees, we treat)
• cognitive (how it affects decision making)

Question 2

3 main points

Answer 2

1. reference of sample subjects is biased bc most people who stutter are not being treated
2. time when you are being treated is limited and is a slow process. hard to quantify progress because of affective and cognitive aspects. Therefore, it is important to attend to the whole person
3. by comparing 2 treatments you don’t get a good idea of efficacy, what is right for one person may be different for another

Question 3

authors authority

Answer 3

he is a person who stutters, and has done research on stuttering