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Human Development 2 > Stuff before exam > Flashcards

Stuff before exam Flashcards

1
Q

Other word for PVS

A

unresponsive wakeful syndrome

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2
Q

how do you assess developmental assessment

A
  • Gross Motor
  • Fine Motor
  • Language
  • Personal Social
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3
Q

what is Klinefelter syndrome and what are the symptoms

A
  • genetic condition when the boy is born with an extra X chromosome therefore you have XXY

symptoms

  • taller
  • poor pubertal development - lack of pubertal hair
  • small penis
  • small firm testicles
  • infertility
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4
Q

what is the genetics of Turner

A

45 XO born without an X chromosome or part of it missing

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5
Q

what is the innervation of the tongue

A

Anterior 2/3

  • general is lingual nerve from the trigeminal nerve (M3)
  • special sensation is - chorda tympani - from the facial nerve

posterior 1/3

  • general is glossopharyngeal nerve
  • special sensation is glossopharyngeal nerve
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6
Q

Horner syndrome symptoms

A
  • by a constricted pupil (miosis),
  • drooping of the upper eyelid (ptosis),
  • absence of sweating of the face (anhidrosis)
  • sinking of the eyeball into the bony cavity that protects the eye (enophthalmos).
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7
Q

What is an uncus

A

The uncus is an anterior extremity of the parahippocampal gyrus.

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8
Q

where is DHT produced

A

Males
Leydig cells, adrenals

Females
Ovary (20%), adrenals (80%)
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9
Q

what number is the abducens and what number is trochlear

A

Trochlear is cranial nerve 4

Abducens is cranial nerve 6

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10
Q

what are the types of summation in nerves

A

temporal and spatial summation

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11
Q

what is the difference between rostral and cadual

A

rostral refers to the front of the head whereas cadual refers to the back of the head

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12
Q

describe tramadol (atypical opioid)

A

Moderate to severe pain.
Anti-nociceptive/antihyperalgesic.

  • Acts on mu opioid receptors
  • Interacts with monoaminergic systems (inhibits serotonin and noradrenaline uptake, but not as good as tricyclic antidepressants).
side effects 
- •	Nausea
•	Vomiting
•	Sweating
•	Itching 
•	Constipation

Side effects due to anticholinergic activity (action on acetylcholine muscarinic receptors).

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13
Q

what are msucarinci side effects

A

dry mouth
blurred vision
dry skin
constipation

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14
Q

what is dyspepsia

A

Dyspepsia, also known as indigestion,

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15
Q

What innervates the different muscle of the eye

A

Oculomotor

  • medial, superior, inferior rectus
  • lateral oblique
  • levator palbrae
  • cillary muscle
  • iris sphincter muscle

trochlear
- superior oblique

abducens
- lateral rectus

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16
Q

oculomotor palsy

A
  • down
  • dropping eyelid
  • dilating of the pupil
17
Q

what are the eye reflexes

A
  • pupillary light reflex - goes in on optic nerve (CNII) AND COMES OUT ON CNIII oculomotor nerve
  • accommodation reflex
  • vestibulo-ocular reflex
  • The input (afferent) arc of this reflex is the vestibulo-cochlear nerve (CN VIII) which receives signals from the semicircular canals.
  • The output is the abducens nerve (CN VI) and the oculomotor nerve (CN III).
  • the blink reflex
  • .Input: sensory nerve endings in cornea or conjunctiva; these are branches of the ophthalmic branch (V1) of the trigeminal (V) nerve.
  • Output: motor fibres in the facial (VII) cranial nerve to the obicularis oculi muscle which pushes the eyelids together
18
Q

How is the pupillary light reflex caused

A
  • Parasympathetic preganglionic fibres project from the Edinger-Westphal nuclei to the ciliary ganglia in the orbit behind each eye.
  • From here postganglionic fibres enter the eye and act on sphincter muscles around the pupil to constrict it.
  • This is the pupillary light reflex - this reflex is bilateral so both eyes are affected
19
Q

COWS

A

Cold opposite side

Warm Same side in caloric stimulating test

20
Q

name the broaden area

  • primary motor cortex
  • primary somatosensory cortex
  • dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
  • posterior parietal cortex
  • supplementary and premotor cortex
  • brocas area
  • frontal eye fields
A
  • primary motor cortex = 4
  • primary somatosensory cortex = 1 2 3
  • dorsolateral prefrontal cortex = areas 9 and 10
  • posterior parietal cortex = areas 7 and 19
  • supplementary and premotor cortex = 6 and 8
  • brocas area = 44
  • orbitofrontal = 11
21
Q

what does each tract do

  • vestibulospnal
  • reticulospinal
  • tectluospinal
  • rubrospinal
  • DCML
  • spinocerebellar
  • Spinothalamic
  • cotricospinal
A
  • vestibulospnal = posture and balance
  • reticulospinal = autonomic regulation
  • tectluospinal = movement of the head and eyes to auditory and visual stimuli
  • rubrospinal = coordination of the cerebellum and motor velocity, large muscle control
  • DCML = vibration, fine touch, conscious proprioception
  • spinocerebellar = unconscious proprioception
  • Spinothalamic = pain and temperature
  • cotricospinal = voluntary motor movement
22
Q

scrotum sensation anterior and posterior

A

anterior
- genital femoral

posterior
- pudendal and posterior femoral nerve

23
Q

what nerve is the sacral nerve

A

L4-S4

24
Q

what is the difference between superior hypogastric plexus and inferior hypogastric plexus

A
  • send sympathetic nerves to the ovarian and uteric structures
  • superior receives both parasyamptehtic and sympathetic
  • inferior receives S2-S4 parasympathetic innervation
25
Q

What is the difference between T1 and T2

A 
T1 - 
CSF - dark 
White matter - light 
cortex- grey 
fat - bright 
T2 
CSF - bright 
White matter - dark grey 
cortex- light grey 
fat - light
26
Q

what is a varicocele

A

A varicocele is an enlargement of the veins within the loose bag of skin that holds your testicles (scrotum). A varicocele is similar to a varicose vein you might see in your leg

27
Q

what is a hydrocele

A

A hydrocele testis is the accumulation of fluids around a testicle

28
Q

What is a haemtocevle

A

: a blood-filled cavity of the body also : the effusion of blood into a body cavity (as the scrotum)

29
Q

how do you work out pain tolerance

A

Total time trial (experimental)/ Total time baseline (control)

30
Q

How do you work out pain intensity

A

Mean score in trial (experiment)/ Mean score in baseline

Human Development 2 (34 decks)

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