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Human Development 2 > Common child psychiatric disorders > Flashcards

Common child psychiatric disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what is the prevalence of childhood psychiatric disorders

A

High Prevalence of childhood psychiatric disorders(2)
- 7-12 year olds: 1 in 4
- 13-16 year olds: 4 in 10
Half of people with lifetime mental health problems had difficulties since before age 14(3

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2
Q

what group of children have high mental health problems

A

children in care

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3
Q

what is the factors that make up the childrens mental health and what can influence it

A
  • the child itself
  • family
  • environment that there in
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4
Q

what things can cause mental health issues

A
  • Low intelligence
  • Difficult temperament
  • Physical illness
  • Developmental delay
  • Genetic factors
  • Peer relationship problems
  • Social deprivation
  • School factors
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5
Q

it is important to determine whether the child family and environmental factors are…

A

PREDISPOSING- can make you vulnerable to the illness
PRECIPITATING - trigger in the illness
PERPETUATING - keep the illness going

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6
Q

what are the risk factors for the child that can cause mental illness

A
  • genetic influence
  • low IQ
  • specific developmental delay
  • physical illness
  • low self-esteem
  • communication difficultés
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7
Q

what are the risk factors of family that can cause mental illness

A
  • family disharmony
  • inconsistent discipline style
  • parent with mental illness or substance abuse
  • physical, sexual, neglect or emotional abuse
  • death and loss
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8
Q

what are risk factors of school that can cause mental illness

A
  • bullying
  • discirimaintion
  • breakdown and no positive freindships
  • deviant peer influences
  • peer pressure
  • poor pupil to teacher relationship
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9
Q

what are the risk factors of the community that can cause mental illness

A
  • socioeconomic disadvantage
  • homelessness
  • disaster, accidents, war
  • discrimination
  • other significant life events
  • lack of access to support services
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10
Q

name some common childhood psychiatric disorders

A

Pre-school behavior problems

Conduct disorders

Emotional disorders

Adjustment disorders

Disorders of activity and attention

Failures of normal development

Attachment disorders and abuse

Eating disorders

Adult-type disorders

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11
Q

when are preschool behaviour problems a problem

A

those under the age of 5

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12
Q

give an example of a disorder of activity and attention

A

ADHD

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13
Q

what are preschool behaviour problems

A

Habit problems e.g. toileting

Failure to develop routines e.g. sleep and feeding

Temper Tantrums

Attachment Difficulties

Autism/Social Communication Problems

Hyperkinetic disorder (ADHD)

Anxiety, including separation anxiety

Abuse - emotional/behavioural consequences of physical, sexual or emotional abuse

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14
Q

how do you treat pre-school behaviour problems

A
  • usually about parenting therefore there are parenting groups around to help parents learn how to cope
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15
Q

what is a conduct disorder

A

Disorder of behaviour characterised by repetitive and persistent pattern of dissocial, aggressive or defiant conduct

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16
Q

How long does the behaviour have to last for it to be diagnosed as a conduct disorder

A

More severe than ordinary childish mischief or adolescent rebelliousness

Behaviours present >6 months

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17
Q

what are the possible negative outcomes of a conduct disorder

A

Antisocial personality disorders

Criminal and violent offending

Drug use

Poor physical healthy

Sexually transmitted infections

Other psychiatric disorders (mania, schizophrenia, suicidal behaviour)

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18
Q

what are the symptoms of a conduct disorder in

  • under 5s
  • 5-12s
  • adolescence
A

under 5s

  • Physical/verbal aggression
  • Destructive
  • Poor attention
  • Frequent, severe tantrums

5-12s

  • Lying
  • Stealing
  • Defiance
  • Cruelty to animals
  • Fire setting

adolescence

  • Truancy
  • Delinquency
  • Violence
  • Sex offences
  • drug/ alcohol/ substance misuse
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19
Q

who’does conduct disorder affect usually

A

Boys&raquo_space; girls

Inner cities > rural areas

Socio-economic disadvantage

Family conflict and poor communication in the family

Increased incidence in looked after children

“Difficult” temperament

Specific reading disability

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20
Q

what are emotional disorders

A

Disturbances of mood, persistent and not in response to a single identified stressor

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21
Q

name some emotional disorders

A

Anxiety and fearfulness

Depression

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22
Q

what are the symptoms of emotional disorders

A

Fears - separation anxiety; social anxiety; specific phobias

Lack of pleasure; loss of interest; hopelessness; despair; sadness; tearfulness; lack of energy

Physical symptoms - abdominal pain, headaches - somatic symptoms

Fall off in school performance, truancy, fear of school (bullying)

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23
Q

what is the difference between adult and children emotional disorders

A
  • Often mixed symptoms, including somatic complaints.- Less pervasive
24
Q

what are the risk factors for emotional disorders

A

Boys = girls

No association with socio-economic status

Family factors - overprotection; parental anxiety

Quiet, compliant temperament

No specific educational problems

25
Q

what are the risk factors of self harm cases

A
  • Self harm cases
  • girls more likely to report self harm than boys
  • more likely in children dealing with mental health issues
  • family factors
  • long term health conditions
  • children using alcohol and drugs
  • bereavement or experience with sucide
  • social isolation
  • abuse
  • safeguarding
26
Q

those that self harm are more likely to commit sucide by ..

A

100 times in the next year

27
Q

How do you treat self harm

A
  • form a safety plan with parent - lock away knives or things they can use
  • social media platforms sensitised so can’t see images of self harm
  • followed up by CAMS
28
Q

what are adjustment disorders

A

Distress and emotional disturbance arising in a period of adaptation to a significant life change or to the consequence of a stressful life event

29
Q

give examples of adjustment disorders

A

Bereavement
Divorce
Physical illness

30
Q

when do symptoms occur with adjustment disorders

A

usually occur within 3 months and disappear within 6 months

31
Q

what are the three symptoms of attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD)

A
  • Hyperactivity
  • inattention
  • impulsivity
32
Q

ADHD is a…

A

persavie and persistent disorder - although there are affective treatments if it is not treated this can continue and persist

33
Q

How do you diagnose ADHD

A
  • symptoms have be to present in more than one setting

- if they are only in one setting then it is unlikely to be ADHD

34
Q

what can ADHD cause to happen

A
  • Under performance and trouble at school, which can later effect employment
  • Issues in forming relationships
  • Crime, as well as drug and alcohol use.
35
Q 
name the symptoms for 
- hyperactivity 
- impulsivity 
- inattention 
in ADHD
A

Hyperactivity

  • Restless and fidgety
  • Unable to wait

Impulsivity

  • Acts without thinking
  • Answers before questions finished

Inattention

  • Jumps from task to task
  • Makes carless mistakes
  • Doesn’t listen properly
36
Q

what are the risk factors of ADHD

A
  • Boys > girls (4:1)
  • Genetic factors
  • Neuro-developmental abnormalities
  • Maternal depression
  • Smoking during pregnancy
37
Q

What does ADHD stand for

A

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

38
Q

How do you treat ADHD non pharacologically

A

PARENTING PROGRAMMES - important to treat parents how to parent children with ADHD and certain stragities that can make a difference

BEHAVIOUR THERAPY

ADVICE FOR TEACHERS

39
Q

what is the pharmacological treatment of ADHD

A
  • Offer methylphenidate (either short or long acting) as the first line pharmacological treatment for children aged 5years and over and young people with ADHD
  • Consider switching to lisdexamfetamine (prodrug version of methylphenidate)
40
Q

How do you monitor ADHD

A

Height and weight - drugs can cause growth restriction

CVS – HR and BP

Sleep - drugs can cause sleep disturbance

Tics - can develop tics with the medication so you change which medication you are giving

41
Q

what are specific failures of normal development

A

Speech and language (receptive and expressive)

Reading (dyslexia)

Spelling

Arithmetic skills

Motor function (dyspraxia)

Enuresis / encopresis

42
Q

what can cause speech delay

A
  • extreme enviornemtnal deprivation - for example if they are being neglected or abused they won’t learn to speech
  • prematurity
  • neurological problems such as cerebral palsy
  • autism - can affect ability to communicate
  • apraxia - difficulty sequencing and executing speech movements
  • selective mutism
43
Q

What is autism

A
  • it is an impaired quality of reciprocal social interaction
44
Q

what do children with autism usually have

A
  • developmental delays
  • difficulty developing peer relationships
  • impaired communication
  • verbal and non verbal
  • retracted and repetitive behaviours - specific and fixed routines that can cause emotional distress when they have to deviate away
45
Q

what is attachment disorder

A

Marked distress and social impairment as a result of an extremely abnormal pattern of attachment, typically due to repeated changes of care-giver in early childhood

46
Q

what can cause attachment disorder

A
  • problem with parental figure
  • abuse
  • put in care
47
Q

how can attachment disorder present

A
  • as affectionate with strangers as much of their parents
48
Q

what are the types of abuse

A 
Physical (non-accidental injury)
Emotional
Sexual
Neglect
Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy/Factitious Induced Illness (FII) - mental illness and a form of abuse where the parent makes up symptoms that make it look like the child is sick
49
Q

what are eating disorders

A
  • conditions in which the person have issues with their body weight and shape which disturbs there eating routine
50
Q

what are the risk factors for eating disorder

A
  • biological
  • social
  • psychological emotional distress
  • interpersonal relationships
51
Q

what are the physical impacts of eating disorder

A
  • anxiety depression, obsessive behaviours
  • changes in hair and skin
  • tooth erosion, dry mouth, tooth decay
  • increase risk of heart failure
  • brittle bones
  • kidney stones, renal failure
  • constipation
  • irregular or absent periods
52
Q

how do you manage eating disorders

A
  • presentation through school based peer support
  • family therapy
  • CBT
  • hospital care
53
Q

what are adult type disorder that can present in children

A

Psychoses - schizophrenia; bipolar disorder

Post traumatic stress disorder

Obsessive compulsive disorder

54
Q

what are the risk factors of schizophrenia

A
  • genetic makeup
  • family history
  • birth complications
  • emotional distress
  • history of abuse
  • cannabis use
55
Q

how do you manage schizophrenia

A
  • exclude organic causes
  • antipsychotic medication
  • psychoeducatioanl group intervention
  • help them continue their education
  • supported employment programme
  • discuss and plan transition to adult services
56
Q

How do you assess child psychiatry

A

Description and history of main problems

Child’s peri-natal, developmental, medical, educational and social history

Family history including any psychological health problems and information regarding parents own experience of being parented

Mental state of the child

Family communication and relationships

Interventions so far

57
Q

What does the prognosis of child psychiatry depend on

A

This depends on

  • nature and severity of the disorder
  • family and environmental context
  • treatment offered

Symptoms tend to be stubborn without treatment

Human Development 2 (34 decks)

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