Sexually Transmitted infections and HIV Flashcards by Sarah-Louise Watson

What are issues in STIs

Always more than one patient- always have to talk to the person in front of you about someone else such as the sexual partners and their children

Vertical transmission

Partner notification

Confidentiality

High rates of re-infection - every time you get infected with chylamdia and every time you get infected you have an enhanced inflammatory reaction therefore this can effect fertility

May be life-long infection

Stigma and psychological morbidity

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what are the risks of STIs

Age - depends on age, anyone can get one but shift towards younger ages

Sexual partner - male will depend on whether they have exclusively male or female parterres, sex between men has a higher risk of STIs

Sexual practice - type of sex that you have, certain sort of sex have a higher risk - anal and vaginal sex has a higher transmission than oral sex

Condom usage - present STIs

Ethnicity

Area of residence

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what is the impact of STI the highest in

Heterosexuals under age 25
MSM
Black ethnic minorities

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what is the most common STI

Chlamydia

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what has a large increase in STI diagnosis in male and male sex

Syphilis 20% increase

Gonorrhoea 22% increase with increasing drug resistance

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what is the full name for chylamydia

Chlamydia trachomatis

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what has caused the reduction in chlamydia

chlamydia screening has decreases the diagnosis rate

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What STIs are common in women

warts heights
herpes
gonorrhoea
syphilis

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what are the common STIs in mean

Warts
Gonorrhoea - increasing rate
herpes
syphilis

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What type of pathogen in chylamydia trachoma’s

Obligate intracellular pathogen

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what symptoms cause show in chlamydia trachomatis

asymptomatic infection common

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What is a serorvars

distinct variation within a species of bacteria/ virus or in immune cells of different individuals

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what symptoms can serovars D-K

Males - Urethritis - clear watery discharge, epipdidymitis, prostatitis

Females - Cervicitis(increase in vaginal discharge, spotting after sexual intercourse), Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Fitz-Hugh Curtis - intra-abdominal syndrome

Neonate - conjunctivitis and pneumonia

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what symptoms can serovars L1-3 cause

Lymphogranuloma venereum (lymphatic issues)
-   Buboes, proctitis

usually rectally acquired, can cause abdominal pain and change in bowel habits

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what are the complications of chlamydia trachomatis

reactive arthritis - due to reaction inflammatory processes that has been triggered by the presence of chlamydia in the genital tract
infertility - more often you have chlamydia the more your infertility can go up - can cause tubule damage and lead to ectopic pregnancy

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what are the types chlamydia trachomatis

serovars D-K

serovars L1-3 cause

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What is the treatment of chlamydia trachomatis

Azithromycin, Doxycycline

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what are the features of chlamydia in the neonate

Neonate - conjunctivitis and pneumonia

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What are the symptoms of Neisseria gonorrhoea

males
females
neonates

Males – Urethritis, proctitis (rectally acquired), sore throat, epididymitis, prostatitis

Females – Cervicitis, PID, Peri-hepatitis, septic abortion

Neonates – Conjunctivitis

what are the complications of neisseria gonorrhoea

Septic arthritis,
blindness,
infertility
septicaemia

How do you treat neisseria gonorrhoea

– Ceftriaxone

Drug resistance increasing

what causes genital warts

Human Papilloma Virus (DNA)

6 and 11

what HPV is associated with carcinoma

Some associated with carcinoma (16, 18, 31,33)

what are the symptoms of HPV

90% asymptomatic

How do you manage genital warts

Vaccination Management - Topical podophyllotoxon, imiquimod - Cryotherapy - freeze them of

what HSV is oral and what HSV is genital

HSV-1 oral HSV-2 genital - can have both - can have either infection or both in either site

How does HSV behave

Primary infection - can be severe and people can get sick or it can be asymptomatic, can go on for a long period of time Latency - once you are infection they stay there forever, integrate into the host DNA and viruses Reactivation -

What is the treatment of HSV

Aciclovir Famciclovir - prodrugs Valaciclovir - prodrugs

what is another word for syphilis

Treponema pallidum

what are the types of syphilis

Primary - genital ulcer at site of infection - painless so not noticed by the individual Secondary - rash, lymphadenopathy Latent - may not know that you have it but it stays present in the body for a long period of time and causes damage Tertiary - effect the cardiovascular symptom, music-skeletal system and brain as it is a cause of dementia, Congenital

what are the symptoms of symphilis

Often asymptomatic in early stages

What is the treatment of syphlis

Penicillin - injections | Doxycycline - for allergic to penicillin, slightly less efficous

Describe primary syphilis

Chancre usually single, painless Dark ground positive - see organisms under the microscope Lymphadenopathy Serology may be negative Infectious++

How do you diagnose syphilis

- serology | - in the early stages of syphilis may be negative therefore need to repeat the blood tests

Describe secondary syphilis

Rash, fever, lymphadenopathy Condyloma lata Serology positive Infectious++ - effects soles of hand and feet can cause redness

what does untreated HIV cause

AIDS

what is untreated HIV associated with

- decreased CD4 lymphocytes associated in the blood

how is HIV treated

- Use of retrovirus - viral suppression - allows immune recovery/preservation - normal life expectancy - other morbidities is related to inflammation - - U=U - undetectable means untransmissable

when can you not pass on HIV

- when they have undetectable viral load they are untransmissable

what are complications related to HIV related to

- chronic inflammation high rates that are driven by HIV

late diagnosis of HIV has a

high mortality rate

Who gets HIV

- heterosexual | - men who have sex with men

HIV treatment as prevention

``` - Vertical transmission Partner studies U=U - individual couples - population effect - test and treat ``` - post exposure prophylaxis - pre-exposure prophylaxis is used - PREP

what makes up HAART treatment

- protease inhibitors - integrase inhibitors - nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibiters - fusion inhibitors - Non-Nucleoside RT inhibitor

what are the short term and long term side effects of HAART

Short-term Nausea / vomiting / headache Sleep disturbance (efavirenz) ``` Long-term Lipodystrophy (NRTIs and PIs) Renal dysfunction (tenofovir) Peripheral neuropathy (d4T, AZT, DDI) Lactic acidosis – may be fatal (d4T, DDI) ```