Studying Personality

Question 1

Personality - Ashton 2013

Answer 1

A set of psychological traits and mechanisms within the individual that refer to differences among individuals in a typical tendency to behave, think or feel in conceptually related ways, across relevent situations and time

Question 2

Reliability

Answer 2

The degree to which a measure gives consistent results

Internal-Consistency, Inter-Rater, Test-Retest

Question 3

Reliability - Internal-Consistency

Answer 3

The correlation between items within a measure

Higher correlation shows higher consistency

Statistically measured with Chronbach’s-alpha

Question 4

Reliability - Inter-Rater

Answer 4

The consistency between observers

Higher agreement between observers shows higher inter-rater reliability

Question 5

Reliability - Test-Retest

Answer 5

The consistency across time using the same measure

High agreement between both times indicates high relaibility

However, test periods must be relatively short otherwise changes may indicate developmental changes in the construct NOT poor reliability of the measure

Question 6

Validity

Answer 6

The degree to which a measure measures what it claims to

Content, Construct, Criterion

Question 7

Validity - Content

Answer 7

Extent to which a measure assesses all aspects of a construct

Will not miss aspects nor measure irrelevant aspects of a construct

Question 8

Validity - Construct

Answer 8

Extent to which a measure only assess the construct of interest

Divergent or Convergent

Question 9

Validity - Construct, Convergent

Answer 9

Linked constructs should show positive or negative correlations

A measurement of extraversion should show positive correlations to sociability and negative correlations to introversion

A measure of extraversion that correlates negatively to introversion shows good convergent validity

Question 10

Validity - Construct, Divergent

Answer 10

Unrelated constructs should show no correlations

Swimming ability measurements should not be correlated to how much somone likes ice cream as these concepts are completely unrelated

A measure of swimming ability that does not correlate to ice cream preference shows good divergent construct validity

Question 11

Validity - Criterion

Answer 11

Extent to which a measure holds relevant outcomes

Secondary school GCSE / ability measures should predict college success; if this is true, GCSE measures show criterion validity