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SP529 > Stability and Change > Flashcards

Stability and Change Flashcards

1
Q

Change - Roberts et al 2000

A

Big-5 meta-analysis

Most change between 20 - 40 years old

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2
Q

Change - Roberts et al 2000, Extraversion (assertiveness)

A

Increases then plateaus at 50

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3
Q

Change - Roberts et al 2000, Conscientiousness

A

Steady increase throughout life

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4
Q

Change - Roberts et al 2000, Emotional Stability

A

Increase then plateaus at 30

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5
Q

Change - Roberts et al 2000, Agreeableness

A

Steady increase throughout life

Not as high as Conscientiousness

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6
Q

Change - Roberts et al 2000, Openness to Experience

A

Increase to 30s then steady decline into old age

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7
Q

Change - Roberts et al 2000, Extraversion (Sociability)

A

Decrease then plateau at mid-50s

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8
Q

Change - McCrae et al 1999

A

Change is similar across Germany, Italy, Portugal, Croatia & Korea

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9
Q

Change - Tvzenewski et al 2008

A

Overall no change in Narcissim levels since 1982, only facet level changes

Self-sufficiency is higher in 2007
Superiority is higher in 1982

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10
Q

Change - Causes, McCrae & Costa 1999

A

Biological basesresult in tendencies which affect our adaptation to the environment which then influences out self-concept and personality

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11
Q

Change - McCrae & Costa 1999, Openness to Experience

A

Decreases with age

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12
Q

Change - McCrae & Costa 1999, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness

A

Increases with age

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13
Q

Change - McCrae & Costa 1999, Social Dominance Orientation

A

Increases with age

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14
Q

Change - Causes, Roberts, Wood & Smith 2005

A

Social Investment Hypothesis

Social tasks affect personality with age
Normative experiences such as marriage or bereavement will impact tendencies

Not cross-culture generalisable due to differences in the time scales of events despite similarities for time scales of change

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15
Q

Stability - McCrae & Costa 1992

A

Measured personality traits regularly across 16 - 84 years old

6 weeks .80
24 years .65
Observer report 6 years .70

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16
Q

Stability - Adolescence, Robins et al 2001

A

4 years in college .60

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17
Q

Stability - Adolescence, Roberts et al 2001

A

18 - 26 years .55

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18
Q

Stability - Adolescence, McCrae et al 2008

A

12 - 16 years .40

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19
Q

Stability

A

Change of differences between people in trait levels

20
Q

Stability - Self-esteem, Robins & Trzenewski 2005

A

Decreases with age then increases at 60s, to decrease again afterwards but with lesser force

Mean SE change but self-esteem is fairly stable

21
Q

Stability - Self-Esteem, Neyer & Lehnut 2007

A

Entering and monitoring the self whilst in relationships results in increased self-esteem due to high sense of security

22
Q

Stability - Self-Esteem, Neyer & Lehnut 2007, Timley beginners

A

Increases to T2 when get into a relationship and then plateaus

23
Q

Self-Esteem, Neyer & Lehnut 2007, Early beginners

A

Remains relatively high across all times, slightly higher at T3

24
Q

Self-Esteem, Neyer & Lehnut 2007, Stable singles

A

Increase slightly to T2 then plateaus

25
Q

Self-Esteem, Neyer & Lehnut 2007, Late beginners

A

Low plateau until increase at T3

26
Q

Childhood Traits - Stability

A

Stable across short periods

Unstable across long periods

27
Q

Childhood Traits - Structure, Caspi et al 2005

A

Children show temperament traits, not full personality traits

Activity level, soothability, fearfulness, positive emotion

28
Q

Childhood Traits - Structure, Caspi et al 2005, Activity level

A

Positively correlated to extraversion

29
Q

Childhood Traits - Structure, Caspi et al 2005, Fearfulness

A

Negatively correlated to Emotional Stability

30
Q

Childhood Traits - Structure, Lamb et al 2002

A

100 Swedish children
12 - 16 years old

Developmental trait change

31
Q

Childhood Traits - Structure, Lamb et al 2002, Openness to Experience

A

Increases then slight decrease

32
Q

Childhood Traits - Structure, Lamb et al 2002, Conscientiousness

A

Steady increase

33
Q

Childhood Traits - Structure, Lamb et al 2002, Agreeableness

A

Plateaus

34
Q

Childhood Traits - Structure, Lamb et al 2002, Extraversion

A

Decreases

35
Q

Childhood Traits - Structure, Lamb et al 2002, Neuroticism

A

Highest at the start of school

36
Q

Childhood Traits - Structure

A

5 factors are usually found

However, sometimes Honesty-Humility and Openness are not identified in children

37
Q

Childhood Traits - to Adulthood, Self-Control

A

Children with high self-control in the Marshmallow test show high adult success

38
Q

Childhood Traits - to Adulthood, Black & Black 2006

A

Liberal adults were self-reliant and resourceful children

Conservative adults were conventional and guilt-prone children

39
Q

Childhood Traits - Hawaiian studies

A

2000 children
45 years

Teacher reports at T1, self-reports at T2

40
Q

Childhood Traits - Hawaiian studies, Agreeableness

A

Low correlation

41
Q

Childhood Traits - Hawaiian studies, Openness to Experience

A

Low correlation

42
Q

Childhood Traits - Hawaiian studies, Extraversion

A

Moderate correlation

43
Q

Childhood Traits - Hawaiian studies, Conscientiousness

A

Moderate correlation

44
Q

Childhood Traits - Hawaiian studies, Emotional stability

A

No correlation

45
Q

Childhood Traits - Huesman et al 2009

A

Trait agression from 8 - 48 years old

r .50

46
Q

Perfectionism - Damien et al 2013

A

Expectations during childhood predict levels of Socially-Prescribed Perfectionism

SOP .65
SPP .54

47
Q

Perfectionism - Stoeher et al 2009

A

Conscientiousness during childhood predicts Self-Oriented Perfectionism

SOP .73
SPP .52

SP529 (10 decks)

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