Study unit 4.2 Intelligence Flashcards
Alfred Binet & Theodore Simon
Created the first useful test of general mental ability in 1905. The Binet-Simon scale expressed a child’s score in terms of “mental level” or “mental age”
Mental age
Indicates that a child displayed the mental ability typical of that chronological (actual) age
Lewis Terman
Work led to the Standford-Binet Intelligence Scale, incorporating William Stern’s intelligence quotient.
Intelligence quotient (IQ)
A child’s mental age divided by chronological age, multiplied by 100.
David Wechsler
Published the first high-quality IQ test designed specifically for adults.
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
The test is less dependant on subjects’ verbal ability, separate scores for verbal IQ, performance (nonverbal) IQ, and full-scale (total) IQ are computed. The intelligence quotient is disregarded for a new scoring scheme based on the normal distribution.
Normal distribution
A symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that represents the pattern in which many characteristics are dispersed in the population. When normally distributed, most cases fall near the center of the distribution., and gradually declines when moving away from the center. Providing a precise way to measure how people stack up in comparison to each other.
Deviation IQ scores
Locate respondents precisely within the normal distribution.
Modern IQ scores
Indicate exactly where you fall in the normal distribution of intelligence.
Percentile score
Indicates the percentage of people who score at or below the score one obtained.
Reliability
The measurement consistency of a test, yielding similar scores upon repetition.
Correlation coefficient
A numerical index of the degree of relationship between two variables.
Validity
Ability of a test to measure what it was designed to measure.
Heritibality ratio
An estimate of the proportion of trait variability in a population that is determined by variations in genetic inheritance.
Flynn Effect
Performance on IQ test has steadily increased over generations due to environmental factors
Triarchic theory of successful intelligence (Robert Sternberg)
There are three aspects/facets of intelligence: analytical, creative and practical.
All three can be measured reliably, are relatively independant (uncorrelated), and assesment of all three can improve the prediction of intellegent behavior in the real world.
Analytical intelligence
Involves abstract reasoning, evaluation, and judgement. It is crucial to most schoolwork and is assessed by conventional IQ tests.
Creative intelligence
The ability to generate new ideas and to be inventive in dealing with novel problems.
Practical intelligence
The ability to deal effectively with the kinds of problems people encounter in everyday life, at one’s job or at home.
Tacit intelligence
Big part of practical intelligence. What one needs to know in a particular environment in order to work efficiently, but that is not explicitly taught and often is not even verbalized.
Successful intelligence
The ability to harness analytical, creative and practical intelligence to achieve life goals within an individual’s cultural context taking advantages of one’s strengths and compensating for weaknesses.
Howard Gardner
Existence of a number of relatively independant human intelligences.
He reviewed the evidence of cognitive capacities in normal individuals; people suffering from brain damage; and special populations, such as prodigies and idiot savants. Concluding that humans exhibit eight largely independant intelligencies.
Logical-mathematical
Sensitivity to, and capacity to discern, logical or numerical patterns and the ability to handle long chains of reasoning.
Linguistic
Sensitivity to the sounds, rhythms, and meanings of words and sensitivity to the different functions of language.
