Study these Flashcards
- What were colonial economies a reflection of?
Geography because of the climate conditions in the north and south: warm, cold, humid, which helps farming which leads to agriculture
- Proclamation of 1763- what was it, why was it put into place, and why were colonists upset over it?
Native americans are there so there is gonna be wars, british can’t afford another war, natives tell colonists they can’t move west of appalachian mountains
- Mercantilism and Navigation Acts
1650-1673, trade should be carried by english or colonial ships operated by english or colonials. goods imported into colonies need to pass through ports in england, goods from colonies could be exported to england only. → England prospered
- Describe the Middle Colonies-
known as trade centers: pennsylvania, new york, new jersey, delaware
- Describe Native American life before the arrival of Columbus.
they are civilized, they have trade routes, religion, systems put into place. When Europeans come, Europeans think natives are uncivilized, even though they are not.
- Which European country treated the Native Americans the best? What was the impact of this?
french, impact: trade, military alliance, convert to christianity, intermarriage
- What was the importance of the Albany Plan of Union? (Discuss Benjamin Franklin’s Join or Die cartoon)
french and indian war, british tells colonists to bring troops and money, let’s have a discussion, first time thirteen colonies have had a meeting, standard for other colonial meetings
- Bill of Rights - Amendments 1 - 10
1st - freedom of speech
2nd - right to bear arms
3rd - no soldier should, in time of peace, be quartered in any house. Stay in a person’s house without consent
4th search warrant before soldiers search through your home
5th - due process, can’t be forced to testify against yourself
6th - speedy trial, right to lawyer/jury
7th - right to civil trials (sue for money) and jury
8th - no unusual bail or punishment
9th - you and I have rights besides those that are listed
10th - if power is not given to federal government, it belongs to the states
12th - vice presidents have to receive majority electoral votes to become vice president. We have to vote for both vice president and president
- Identify the purpose of and consequences of the Alien and Sedition Acts passed during the presidency of John Adams.
Alien act: adams raises number of years an immigrant can stay here before they become citizens
sedition act: media can’t print anything bad about government
aimed at democratic republicans bc they speak against government
- What was the significance of the cases of Marbury v. Madison and McCulloch v. Maryland?
judicial review
McCulloch v. maryland - national bank is constitutional and congress has implied powers
Marbury v. Madison - people can strike down laws that violate the consitution
- Identify the key parts of Hamilton’s financial plans, as well as, reactions to individual elements of his financial plans.
hamilton’s financial plan is the national bank, federal government to assume state debts, and to tax whiskey, establish an industrial economy + strong military
Reactions to it: jefferson says national bank is unconstitutional, farmers have whiskey rebellion,
compromise between hamilton and jefferson: hamilton gets national bank, jefferson gets capital moved to south to DC
- What was Alexander Hamilton’s financial plan and what was the long-term goal of his financial plans?
to establish an industrial economy and a strong military
- Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions – know who created them and why, and know the main ideas, and long-term consequences of the ideas expressed in these resolutions
jefferson and madison - democratic republicans, “states have right to nullify federal laws”
long term consequences: other states follow this idea, nullification crisis where south carolina leaving the union
- Why did slavery become more central to American politics in the 1840s?
western expansion
fight over slave vs free states
- Compromise of 1850 – know all of the parts of the compromise, the purpose of each, and the consequences of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
california comes in as a free state
slave trade banned in DC, Utah and new mexico have popular sovereignty - people vote if state with have slave or not
in exchange south gets fugitive slave act of 1850 - north has to return slaves to south
consequence: further divides north and south
Union strengths and weaknesses during the Civil War
Strength:
industry and ports
more people
established government
money
Weaknesses:
Poor generals
fighting on unfamiliar territory
Confederate (South)
- Confederate strengths and weaknesses during the Civil War
Strength:
Know the land better
excellent generals
war on their territory → short distance for war
european demand for cotton
Weaknesses:
Less factories
Unorganized
- Who were copperheads and what did they advocate during the Civil War?
democrats in the north, they want peace. Peace democrats. They don’t care about Lincoln and they want the war to stop.
- Why was Lincoln hesitant to support the abolition of slavery early in the Civil War?
he didn’t want to conflict with the constitution or state laws and believed that those who supported the abolition were the ones creating conflict, not him
- Border States (why are they important)
Missouri, Kentucky, west virginia, delaware, maryland
loyal to the union
important because they were allowed to have slaves, and maryland was next to DC
- Succession of the Deep South and then the Upper South.
deep south: leave when lincoln is elected
upper south: leaves after fort sumner when lincoln calls for troops, money for war, and suspends writs of habeas corpus - due process - put you in jail, throw away the key
- Fort Sumter- Where and what happened.
confederate forces bombard sumter off south carolina coast
fort falls, lincoln asks for troops to put down rebellion
authorized spending for a war
suspended the writ of habeas corpus
- First Battle of Bull Run
(Battle of Manassas) Bull run (1861)
first major land battle of the war
northerners thought it would be a quick war, but both sides lose many men, everyone realizes it is a long bloody war
confederates win
union retreats to DC
- First Battle of Antietam
Battle of Antietam (1862)
Lee invades the north to surprise DC
His plans are intercepted
Battle is stalemate, south retreats
union wins, mcclellan is fired
bloodiest single day of war
britain does not help south
lincoln issues the emancipation proclamation
- Why did Britain repeal the Stamp Act and Townshend Duties?
both were a violation of their rights because people were taxed without consent
- What was the issue with the Sugar Act?
colonists were taxed, but still had no representation in parliament
- Identify the causes (including the War Hawks) and the result of the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain. (Hartford Convention)
Britain violated US maritime rights. Led to Britain’s war against Natives and the US. War Hawks: pro war western and southern republicans led by henry clay as a way to defend american honor. Hartford convention: war’s effect on economy angered people, so they had a meeting at Connecticut in hartford. Compromise: treaty of ghent.
- When George Washington took office as president of the United States, American leaders believed that the new nation’s success depended on what?
maintaining political harmony (military power)
- Louisiana Purchase – know which presidency it occurred during, the short and long-term consequences of it, who we bought it from and why
Thomas jefferson, short term: nation’s debt that the territory had brought. Long term: continental power of the US since it made up majority of the US. It also expanded debate for slavery. Jefferson believed in constitution but buying land was against constitution, so people complained.
- Pickney’s Treaty- what was significant about it?
signed with spain, allowed US to use ports in mississippi river and opened to american trade.
- What compromise was made for opponents to support the Hamiltonian financial plans?
Jefferson allows national bank and capital move to DC
- Missouri Compromise – know the presidency, the purpose, and the result
President: Monroe. Purpose: To keep the balance, Missouri became a slave state, and maine became a free state.
- What was the Supreme Court ruling in the case of Worcester v. Georgia?
states have no right to impose regulations on natives’ land. Georgia can’t take the natives’ lands
- Southern Slavery – know the impact on the southern economy, know the characteristics and treatment of southern slaves, know the major excuses given by southerners to support slavery
helped southern economy through cotton industry and treatment relied on slave masters, but they weren’t treated well. Southerns believed it was their right to own slaves. They thought they were helping the slaves and it benefitted both
- After becoming president, how did Thomas Jefferson deal with the Federalists?
jefferson (anti-federalist) believed in strong state rights and smaller government
- Embargo Act of 1807 – presidency, causes, consequences
Jefferson prohibited US exports to foreign nations, especially towards british because US. Consequence: it hurt the economy
- ”Era of Good Feelings” – presidency, characteristics, major events during this period (multiple topics), and what caused the end of this period
under james monroe, a spirit of nationalism, optimism, and good will
- Southern economy – major crop and percentage of export – how did this relate to the northern economy and industry?
cotton, 75% exports. North bought cotton from the south and this benefitted north because they used the cotton to make textiles
- Presidency of Andrew Jackson
election of 1828 and 1832
nullification crisis
bank war
indian removal
force act of 1833
spoils system
he does not agree with national bank, takes money from national bank and puts it into state banks
election of 1828 and 1832 - 1828: started the two party system: whigs and the democrats,
1832: between henry clay and andrew jackson
Nullification Crisis - south didn’t like tariffs, so they threatened to nullify the act and it was the state’s rights to, but the government said they couldn’t nullify.
Bank War - jackson didn’t agree with national bank so he moved the money to state banks
Indian Removal - The president exchanged land in mississippi for indian lands. Some went peacefully but many resisted so they were forced out and this led to trail of tears
Force Act of 1833 - Jackson asked congress to send troops to south carolina to force them to follow the tariff
Spoils System - When Jackson hired people that only supported him
Reformers
second great awakening
seneca falls convention
temperance movement
communal experiments
abolition
Second Great Awakening - religious revival, new thinking
Seneca Falls Convention - first women’s right convention, fought for equal rights for women and men, declaration of sentiments argued for equality
Temperance Movement - alcohol consumption was high and it was the cause of all of bad things and it needs treatment. Prohibited alcohol, some states put taxes on it, while others banned it
Communal Experiments - attempts at an organized society, perfect society but most of them failed
Abolition - emancipation of slaves
- Manifest Destiny- what it was and its impact on America and Native Americans.
colonists god given right to spread democracy throughout the country. Impact: people moved west and the native americans were pushed out of their homes
- Know the importance of the following topics – causes and consequences
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Bleeding Kansas
Popular Sovereignty
Dred Scott Supreme Court Decision
John Brown’s Raid at harper’s ferry, VA 1859
Sumner-brooks affair
Election of 1860
Kansas-Nebraska Act - sparked tensions between north and south. built transcontinental railway system that would run through nebraska and kansas and it killed many people through fighting
Bleeding Kansas - people who will elect for kansas to be pro slavery state, john brown protests against this and kills pro slave people, which leads to more conflict
Popular Sovereignty - people make up the government and have rights
Dred Scott Supreme Court Decision (which amendment rejected the Dred Scott decision) -
African Americans are not citizens, missouri compromise of 1850 is unconstitutional. overturn:
14th amendment: anyone born in US is a citizen
John Brown’s Raid at Harpers Ferry, VA 1859 - armed slaves to begin revolts but it didn’t work because brown got captured
Sumner-Brooks Affair - sumner verbally attacked the democratic administration through a verbal speech, in response preston brook defended his uncle and beat sumner with a cane. Result: south was happy, north wanted to punish brooks
Election of 1860 - lincoln won election and southern states wanted to leave union
