Study these Flashcards
- What were colonial economies a reflection of?
Geography because of the climate conditions in the north and south: warm, cold, humid, which helps farming which leads to agriculture
- Proclamation of 1763- what was it, why was it put into place, and why were colonists upset over it?
Native americans are there so there is gonna be wars, british can’t afford another war, natives tell colonists they can’t move west of appalachian mountains
- Mercantilism and Navigation Acts
1650-1673, trade should be carried by english or colonial ships operated by english or colonials. goods imported into colonies need to pass through ports in england, goods from colonies could be exported to england only. → England prospered
- Describe the Middle Colonies-
known as trade centers: pennsylvania, new york, new jersey, delaware
- Describe Native American life before the arrival of Columbus.
they are civilized, they have trade routes, religion, systems put into place. When Europeans come, Europeans think natives are uncivilized, even though they are not.
- Which European country treated the Native Americans the best? What was the impact of this?
french, impact: trade, military alliance, convert to christianity, intermarriage
- What was the importance of the Albany Plan of Union? (Discuss Benjamin Franklin’s Join or Die cartoon)
french and indian war, british tells colonists to bring troops and money, let’s have a discussion, first time thirteen colonies have had a meeting, standard for other colonial meetings
- Bill of Rights - Amendments 1 - 10
1st - freedom of speech
2nd - right to bear arms
3rd - no soldier should, in time of peace, be quartered in any house. Stay in a person’s house without consent
4th search warrant before soldiers search through your home
5th - due process, can’t be forced to testify against yourself
6th - speedy trial, right to lawyer/jury
7th - right to civil trials (sue for money) and jury
8th - no unusual bail or punishment
9th - you and I have rights besides those that are listed
10th - if power is not given to federal government, it belongs to the states
12th - vice presidents have to receive majority electoral votes to become vice president. We have to vote for both vice president and president
- Identify the purpose of and consequences of the Alien and Sedition Acts passed during the presidency of John Adams.
Alien act: adams raises number of years an immigrant can stay here before they become citizens
sedition act: media can’t print anything bad about government
aimed at democratic republicans bc they speak against government
- What was the significance of the cases of Marbury v. Madison and McCulloch v. Maryland?
judicial review
McCulloch v. maryland - national bank is constitutional and congress has implied powers
Marbury v. Madison - people can strike down laws that violate the consitution
- Identify the key parts of Hamilton’s financial plans, as well as, reactions to individual elements of his financial plans.
hamilton’s financial plan is the national bank, federal government to assume state debts, and to tax whiskey, establish an industrial economy + strong military
Reactions to it: jefferson says national bank is unconstitutional, farmers have whiskey rebellion,
compromise between hamilton and jefferson: hamilton gets national bank, jefferson gets capital moved to south to DC
- What was Alexander Hamilton’s financial plan and what was the long-term goal of his financial plans?
to establish an industrial economy and a strong military
- Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions – know who created them and why, and know the main ideas, and long-term consequences of the ideas expressed in these resolutions
jefferson and madison - democratic republicans, “states have right to nullify federal laws”
long term consequences: other states follow this idea, nullification crisis where south carolina leaving the union
- Why did slavery become more central to American politics in the 1840s?
western expansion
fight over slave vs free states
- Compromise of 1850 – know all of the parts of the compromise, the purpose of each, and the consequences of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
california comes in as a free state
slave trade banned in DC, Utah and new mexico have popular sovereignty - people vote if state with have slave or not
in exchange south gets fugitive slave act of 1850 - north has to return slaves to south
consequence: further divides north and south
Union strengths and weaknesses during the Civil War
Strength:
industry and ports
more people
established government
money
Weaknesses:
Poor generals
fighting on unfamiliar territory
Confederate (South)
- Confederate strengths and weaknesses during the Civil War
Strength:
Know the land better
excellent generals
war on their territory → short distance for war
european demand for cotton
Weaknesses:
Less factories
Unorganized
- Who were copperheads and what did they advocate during the Civil War?
democrats in the north, they want peace. Peace democrats. They don’t care about Lincoln and they want the war to stop.
- Why was Lincoln hesitant to support the abolition of slavery early in the Civil War?
he didn’t want to conflict with the constitution or state laws and believed that those who supported the abolition were the ones creating conflict, not him
- Border States (why are they important)
Missouri, Kentucky, west virginia, delaware, maryland
loyal to the union
important because they were allowed to have slaves, and maryland was next to DC
- Succession of the Deep South and then the Upper South.
deep south: leave when lincoln is elected
upper south: leaves after fort sumner when lincoln calls for troops, money for war, and suspends writs of habeas corpus - due process - put you in jail, throw away the key
- Fort Sumter- Where and what happened.
confederate forces bombard sumter off south carolina coast
fort falls, lincoln asks for troops to put down rebellion
authorized spending for a war
suspended the writ of habeas corpus
- First Battle of Bull Run
(Battle of Manassas) Bull run (1861)
first major land battle of the war
northerners thought it would be a quick war, but both sides lose many men, everyone realizes it is a long bloody war
confederates win
union retreats to DC
- First Battle of Antietam
Battle of Antietam (1862)
Lee invades the north to surprise DC
His plans are intercepted
Battle is stalemate, south retreats
union wins, mcclellan is fired
bloodiest single day of war
britain does not help south
lincoln issues the emancipation proclamation