Biology: Cell Communication Vocab

Question 1

Autotrophs

Answer 1

organisms that can survive without eating anything made from other organisms, also known as the producers in ecosystem, they form the base of food chains

Question 2

Chemoautotrophs

Answer 2

build organic compounds from carbon dioxide by using energy from inorganic compounds (iron, sulfur, hydrogen) (most of these are bacteria and archaea)

Question 3

photoautotrophs

Answer 3

build organic molecules from carbon dioxide using energy from light aka photosynthesis (plants, multicellular eukaryotes)

Question 4

heterotrophs

Answer 4

unable to make their own food and they have to rely on compounds made by other organisms, known as the consumers in ecosystem and they eat producers (autotrophs) and other organisms (heterotrophs: herbivores, omnivores, carnivores, decomposers)

Question 5

Photosynthesis

Answer 5

solar energy (sunlight) gets converted into chemical energy (food, energy). Takes place in plants in chloroplasts

Question 6

Equation for photosynthesis

Answer 6

6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy –> C6H12O6 + 6 O2

Question 7

what type of reaction is photosynthesis

Answer 7

redox reaction

Question 8

redox reaction

Answer 8

electrons are taken from water (oxidation) and given to carbon dioxide (reduction). The oxidation of water forms oxygen gas. The reduction of carbon dioxide forms a carbohydrate (sugar)

Question 9

chlorophyll

Answer 9

the green pigment in chloroplasts

Question 10

stomata

Answer 10

microscopic pores in which CO2 enters and O2 exits

Question 11

Mesophyll

Answer 11

the interior tissue of the leaf, chloroplasts are found in the cells of these

Question 12

how many chloroplasts does a mesophyll usually have

Answer 12

30 to 40

Question 13

thylakoids

Answer 13

connected sacs in the chloroplast, chlorophyll is in the membrane of these

Question 14

granum

Answer 14

stack of connected sacs

Question 15

stroma

Answer 15

dense fluid found outside the thylakoid, also in the chloroplast

Question 16

two phases of photosynthesis

Answer 16

light reactions (photo) and the calvin cycle (synthesis)

Question 17

light reactions

Answer 17

in thylakoids, split water, release O2, produce ATP, and form NADPH (electron carrier

Question 18

calvin cycle

Answer 18

in the stroma, forms sugar from CO2 using ATP and NADPH

Question 19

Light is a form of ________ aka ______________

Answer 19

electromagnetic energy, electromagnetic radiation

Question 20

photons

Answer 20

discrete energy particles in light

Question 21

light energy travels in

Answer 21

waves

Question 22

what determines the type of electromagnetic radiation

Answer 22

wavelength

Question 23

absorbance spectrum

Answer 23

graph that shows which wavelengths of light are absorbed by pigment molecules

Question 24

what broaden the spectrum of wavelengths used for photosynthesis?

Answer 24

accessory pigments, chlorophyll, carotenoids