study questions ch. 15-16 Flashcards
an ear infection following an illness such as a cold has passed from the throat through the auditory tube to the
a. inner ear
b. middle ear
c. external ear
d. tympanic membrane
middle ear
arrange the following structures in the order in which they vibrate when a sound wave enters the ear
1. oval window
2. ossicles
3. eardrum (tympanic membrane)
4. perilymph
5. endolymph
a. 1,2,3,4,5
b. 3,2,1,4,5
c. 3,1,2,5,4
d. 2,3,1,5,4
3,2,1,4,5
determine the correct order of events when light strikes photoreceptors
1. rods & cones
2.
3. pigment
4.
3,1,4,2
what is the function of the lens
a. focuses light on the retina
b. separates the anterior and posterior segment
c. prevents light from scattering
d. contracts/dilates the iris
focuses light on the retina
which one of these effectors is NOT directly controlled by the automonic nervous system
a. smooth muscle
b. cardiac muscle
c. parasympathic system
d. skeletal muscle
skeletal muscle
the effects of the sympathetic nervous system are either antagonist or cooperative to those of the:
a. somatic system
b. fight or flight response
c. parasympathetic nervous system
d. automomic system
parasympathetic nervous system
where are autonomic ganglia located
a. central nervous system (CNS)
b. peripheral nervous system (PNS)
c. spinal nerves
d. none of the above
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
sympathetic division axons leave the spinal cord in the…
thoracolumbar region, and the postganglionic fibers secrete norepinephrine
which of the following innervates target cells or organs of the autonomic nervous system
a. preganglionic neurons
b. postganglionic neurons
c. synapse site
d. spinal cord
postganglionic neuron
which of the following correctly lists the order of the parts through which light passes as it enters the eye
1. aqueous humor
2. vitreous humor
3. cornea
4. lens
a. 1,2,3,4
b. 3,1,4,2
c. 3,2,4,1
d. 4,1,3,2
3,1,4,2
which area of the retina lacks rods and cones and therefore does not detect images
a. pigmented
b. fovea center
c. optic disc
d. tapedum lucidum
optic disc
the pigmented portion of the eye that has a rounded opening through which light passes is the
a. cornea
b. pupil
c. iris
d. retina
iris
which branch of autonomic nervous system includes the vagus nerve, which innervates the thoracic and abdominal viscera
a. sympathetic nervous system
b. parasympathetic nervous system
c. somatic system
d. cranial nerves
parasympathetic nervous system
our sense of static equilibrium is created by the
movement of otoliths along hair cells
in the dark (absense of a stimulus) the photoreceptors are
depolarized
color vision
a. is a function of cone cells
b. is a function of rod cells
c. retracts light
d. focuses light on the focal point
is a function of cone cells
as stereocilia bend, the tip link pulls the ___ ion gate open
a. Na+
b. Ca+
c. K+
d. Cl+
K+
arrang the following in correct sequence
1. autonomic ganglia and ganglionic synapse
2. synapse with target tissues
3. preganglionic neuron
4. postganglionic neuron
a. 1,2,3,4
b. 3,1,4,2
c. 3.1,2,4
d. 4,1,3,2
3,1,4,2
axons exit the sympathetic chain ganglia by all o fthe following expect…
cranial nerves
which of the following neurons is most likely to be adrenergic
postganglionic sympathetic neurons
when a photoreceptor cell is stimulated by light
the photoreceptor hyperpolarizes as sodium ion channels close
the sensation of loudness or volume of a sound is detected by
greater movement of the basilar membrane resulting in greater deflection of the hair cells
tom is a 45 y/o male that has lost his ability to hear high frequency sounds. the most likely explanation for this would be ____
damage to the hair cells near the oval window in the cochlear duct (damage to the inner ear)
the gel-like substance that reinforces the eyeball and prevents it from collapsing inward is the
vitreous humor
the three sets of color receptors within the retina that are sensitive to wavelengths of visible light are
blue green and red
what neurotransmitter is released by the axon of sympathetic preganglion neuron to communicate with the sympathetic postganglion neuron
acetylcholine
to increase sweat production from sweat glans, acetylcholine binds
muscarinic receptors
hearing receptors within the organ of corti are called
hair cells
dynamic equilibrium receptors are found in the
semicircular canals
arrange the bones in order of the pathway of vibrations through the ossicles from the tympanic membrane to the oval window
malleus, incus, stapes
which of the following is a characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system
decrease heart rate
which nervous system dilates the pupils and allows light to enter the eyes
sympathetic nervous system
pinkeye is an acute inflammation of the
conjunctiva
which of the following structures is part of the vascular tunic (layer)
iris
which of the following is NOT a feature of the retina
optic chiasm
damage to vestibulochochlear nerve would result in some loss of
hearing and balance
the vibrations received by the tympanic membrane are transferrred to the oval window by the
auditory ossicles
the axons of the parasympathetic postganglionic neurons are
short
preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system originate in the
lateral horns of the spinal cord
sympathetic stimulation of the postganglionic cells of the adrenal medulla cause the release of
epinephrine and norepinephrine
which effector has no innervation with the parasympathetic nerves
blood vessels
what part of the brain is in overall control of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)
hypothalamus
the somatic and autonomic nervous system differ in all the following except
a. their effectors
b. their efferent pathways
c. to some degree in target responses to their neurotransmitters
d. they have no neurotransmitters in common
their efferent pathways
a drug that might be used to specifically to reduce heart rate in cardiac patients could be
a. anticholinesterase
b. epinephrine
c. norepinephrine
d. a beta blocker
beta blocker
the parasympathetic gangliion that serves the eye is the
a. ciliary ganglion
b. pierygopalatine ganglion
c. submandibular ganglion
d. otic ganglion
ciliary ganglion
the cardiovascular effects of the sympathetic division include all except
a. constriction of the blood vessels
b. dilation of the vessels serving the skeletal muscles
c. increase of heart rate and force
d. dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera
dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera
over 90% of all parasympathetic fibers are derived from cranial nerve number
a. 5
b. 7
c.10
d. 12
10 vagus nerve
the resting and digesting division of the autonomic nervous system is the
a. parasympathetic division
b. sympathetic division
c. somatic division
d. peripheral nervous system
parasympathetic division (RESTING)
control of temperature, endocrine activity, and thirt are functions associated with the
a. medulla
b. cerebellum
c. hypothalamus
d. thalamus
hypothalamus
which of these effectors is not directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system
a. smooth muscle
b. cardiac muscle
c. skeletal muscles
d. most glands
skeletal muscle
which of the following is a result of parasympathetic stimulation
a. salavation
b. dilation of pupils
c. increased peristalsis
d. elimination of urine
dilation of pupils
which of the following does NOT describe the ANS
a. a system of motor neurons that innervates smooth and cardiac muscles and glands
b. a system of motor neurons that innervates all muscle cells
c. involuntary nervous system
d. general visceral motor system
a system of motor neurons that innervates all muscle cells
preparing the body for the fight or flight response is the role of the
a. sympathetic nervous system
b. cerebrum
c. parasympathetic nervouse system
d. somatic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
sympathetic responses generally widespread because
a. inactivation of ACH is fairly slow
b. NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood
c. preganglionic fibers are short
d. preganglionic fibers are long
NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood
autonomic ganglia contain
a. an outer connective tissue capsule around the cell bodies of preganglionic motor neurons
b. synapses between postganglionic fibers and their effectors
c. the cell bodies of the motor neurons
d. both somatic and afferent and efferent neurons
the cell bodies of the motor neurons
the parasympathetic fibers of the ______ nerves innervate smooth muscles of the eye that cause the lenses to bulge to accommodate close vision
a. optic
b. oculomotor
c. trochlear
d. abducens
oculomotor
fibers that enter and leave the sympathetic chain without synapsing from structures
a. white rami communicates
b. gray rami communicates
c. spinal nerves
d. splanchnic nerves
splanchnic nerves
which of the following is not a plexus of the vagus nerve
a. cardiac
b. pulmonary
c. sacral
d. esophages
sacral
once a sympathetic preganglionic axon reaches a trunk ganglion it can do all but which one
a. synapse with a parasympathetic neuron in the same trunk ganglion
b. synapse with a ganglionic neuron in the same trunk ganglion
c. ascend or descend the trunk to synapse in another trunk ganglion
d. pass through the trunk ganglion without synapsing with another neuron
a. synapse with a parasympathetic neuron in the same trunk ganglion
the white rami communicates
a. are found only in the c1 -t1 cord segments
b. are unmyelinated
c. carry preganglionic axons to the sympathetic chain
d. carry postganglionic fibers to the periphery
c. carry preganglionic axons to the sympathetic chain
which is a uniquely sympathetic function
a. regulation of pupil size
b. regulation of cardiac rate
c. regulation o respiratory rise
d. regulation of body temperature
d. regulation of body temperature
which sympathetic fibers are from the splenic nerve
a. those ethat synapse with parasympathetic fibers
b. those that synapse in the same trunk ganglion they entered
c. those that synapse with somatic fibers
d. those that pass through the trunk ganglion to synapse in collateral or prevertebral ganglion
d. those that PASS through the trunk ganglion to synapse in collateral or prevertebral ganglion
