Ch.1 Flashcards
The Anterior medial thoracic region is called the ___ region.
Sternal
Directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. In terms of figure A, what does “B” represent?
left
The umbilical region is commonly known as the
Navel
Amputation of a foot at the ankle would involve a cut in the ____ plane.
Transverse
The femoral region is the
thigh
The function of ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) is to conserve water by decreasing urine output. According to the negative feedback mechanism, ADH will be secreted when the
Body is running low in water
The lumbar region is the
Lower back
The thumb is ____ to the fifth digit (little finger).
Lateral
The cranial cavity is ____ to the thoracic cavity
Cephalic or Superior
Visual inspection of the appearance of the liver and gallbladder during surgery is associated with which of the following.
Gross Anatomy
Which of the following abdominal regions would contain the appendix
Right illac
The three major anatomical planes are
sagittal, frontal, and transverse
Most of the terms used in anatomy and physiology originated from which of the following languages?
Greek and Latin
All of the following are found in the thoracic cavity EXCEPT the:
lungs
pleurae
meninges
heart
meninges
A parietal membrane ____, whereas a visceral membrance _____.
lines cavities; covers organs
List the six levels of organization
- chemical level
- cell level
- tissue level
- organ level
- organ system
- organism level
Name the four basic types of tissue
- epithelial
- connective
- muscle
- nervous
list the level of organ systems of the body and give a brief explanation of each
- Integumentary System
- Skeletal System
- Muscular System
- Lymphatic System
- Respiratory System
- Digestive System
- Nervous System
- Endocrine System
- Cardiovascular System
- Urinary System
- Female Reproductive System
- Male Reproductive System
Six characteristics of life
Organization: Refers to the specific interrelationships among the parts and how those parts interact to perform specific functions.
Metabolism: All chemical reactions taking place in the cells and internal environment of an organism.
Responsiveness: Organism’s ability to change in its external or internal environment and adjust to those changes.
Growth: Refers to an increase in size or number of cells, which produces an enlargement all parts of an organism.
Development: Changes of an organism undergoes through time, beginning with fertilization and ending at death.
Reproduction: Formation of new cells or new organisms.
What components are part of the negative feedback mechanism
Receptor: Monitors the value of a variable such as body temperature.
Control Center: Such as part of the brain, which establishes the set point around which the variables is maintained through with the receptors
and effectors.
Effectors: Such as sweat glands, which can adjust the value of the variable, usually back toward the set point.
An organ system is
a group of organs with a common set of functions
What is homeostasis
the existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body
What is the average body temperature
98.6 degrees Fahrenheit
A term that means “toward the attached end of the limb” is
proximal
What system removes nitrogenous waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance
urinary system
The pleural cavity is the
space located between the visceral and parietal pleura
The sural region is the
calf
The anatomical term that means “away from the midline of the body” is
lateral
The dorsal cavity includes which of the following smaller cavities
spinal and cranial
The gallbladder, liver, and stomach are all part of the
digestive system
To maintain life all living organisms depend on
food
Cells contain structures called ____, which can perform specific activities like energy production, and digestion
organelles.
Which of the following carries necessary compounds like nutrients and hormones throughout the body
blood
Cephalic means
closer to the head
A _____ plane passes through the breast, hip, and knee on only one side of the body.
sagittal
The cervical region is the
neck
Directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. In terms of figure A, what does “D” represent
lateral
In the expression “Let your fingers do the walking,” which of the following anatomical terms could be substituted for “fingers?”
digits
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is based on what movement
protons in the magnetic field
Posterior means
towards the back of the body
the gluteal region is commonly known as the
buttock
The location and description of bones in the skeletal system will be covered under
anatomy
An organism’s ability to use energy in order to swim is an example of
metabolism
Once digested, food compounds must be
absorbed and assimilated
Directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. In terms of figure A, what does “C” represent
Median
The breast is in the _____region.
a. sternal
b. acromial
c. pectoral
d. cervical
pectoral
This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. In terms of figure B, what serous membrance does “B” represent?
perietal peritoneum (lines cavity)
A CT scan allows for a 3-Dimensional image to be generated. True or False
True
Nerve cells generate electrical signals in response to changes in the environment. This is an example of
responsiveness
The integumentary system
regulates body temperature
In figure C, showing major trunk cavities and other structures, what does “A” represent?
mediastinum (structures in between the lungs)
A bullet enters the left lung and collapses it. Which cavity has been entered
pleural (lungs)
In the anatomical position, the palms of the hands face
anteriorly
The mesentary is
a double layered serous membrane that anchors some of the abdominal organs to the body wall
The anticubital region is the
area in front of the elbow
Deep means
away from the surface
In a negative feedback mechanism, the response of the effector
reverses the original stimulus
Which of the following activities is not necessary to maintain life
intellectual capability
In terms of figure C, showing major trunk cavities and other structures. What does “B” represent
Diaphragm
The _____ contains a portion of the inguinal region
left lower quadrant (LLQ)
The changes an organism undergoes through time is called
development
In terms of figure C, showing major trunk cavities and other structures. What does “D” represent
abdominal cavity
The skin is an example of a(n)
organ
The acromial region is the
point of the shoulder
The anatomical “arm” refers to the part of the upper limb from the
shoulder to the elbow
A view of the heart showing the interior of all four chambers would be a ____ section
coronal or frontal plane
Biochemical and molecular explanations provide a better understanding of
physiology of organs
The cavity of the body immediately inferior to the diaphragm is the ____ cavity
abdominal
What organ system is responsible for the production of blood cells
skeletal system
Which of the following sets of direction terms are most appropriately referred to as opposites?
a. lateral and median
b. superior and inferior
c. anterior and posterior
d. distal and proximal
distal and proximal
A blood stimulating even more blood clotting is an example of
positive feedback
Directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. In terms of figure A, what does “A” represent?
right
An investigator who conducts an experiment to determine how changes in pH affect the functions of enzymes on digestion is most likely to be a(n)
physiologist
An organ is
a structure composed of several tissue types
The visceral pleura is
the serous membrane that covers the lungs
The term “dorsal” means
toward the back of the body
The ankle is ____ to the knee
distal
The spleen is in the ____ of the abdomen
left upper quadrant (LUQ)
A tissue is a
group of cells with similar structure and function
The study of the microscopic structure of the tissues and organs is called
histology
the axillary region is the
armpit
The popliteal region is the
hollow behind the knee
The membrane on the surface of a lung is called the
visceral pleura (covers lung)
The shoulder is ____ to the elbow
proximal
In terms of figure C, showing major trunk cavities and other structures. What does “C” represent?
thoracic cavity
the brachial region is commonly known as the
upper arm
An increase in the number of cells is
growth
A ______ section separates the body into right and left portions
sagittal
Medial means
towards the middles or midline of the body
In terms of figure C, showing major trunk cavities and other structures. What does “E” represent?
pelvic cavity
An organelle is
a small structure within a cell
In terms of figure B, this is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What serous membrane does “C” represent?
visceral peritoneum
The plantar surface is the
bottom of the foot
A researcher discovered a new hormone that raises blood calcium levels. According to the principles of negative feedback, this hormone would be secreted when
blood calcium levels decrease
What is the parietal pericardium
the membrane that lines the pericardial sac
The anus is in the ____ region
perineal
The groin is also known as the ____ region
inguinal
Directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. In terms of figure A, what does “E” represent?
inferior
Which body system would be affected by degeneration of cartilage in joints
skeletal
The antebrachial region is the
forearm
Anatomy deals with the
structure of the human body
To understand the structure and function of an organism we also need to understand the structure and properties of
atoms and molecules
A cell is
the basic structural unit of plants and animals
Consider the following structural levels: chemical, organ, tissue, cell, and organ system. Which level encompasses the other four
organ system
An anatomic image created from sound waves is an
ultrasound (or sonogram)
Positive feedback mechanisms are always damaging to the body
false (giving birth blood pressure raises)
