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A&P 1 > Ch.1 > Flashcards

Ch.1 Flashcards

1
Q

The Anterior medial thoracic region is called the ___ region.

A

Sternal

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2
Q

Directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. In terms of figure A, what does “B” represent?

A

left

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3
Q

The umbilical region is commonly known as the

A

Navel

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4
Q

Amputation of a foot at the ankle would involve a cut in the ____ plane.

A

Transverse

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5
Q

The femoral region is the

A

thigh

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6
Q

The function of ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) is to conserve water by decreasing urine output. According to the negative feedback mechanism, ADH will be secreted when the

A

Body is running low in water

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7
Q

The lumbar region is the

A

Lower back

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8
Q

The thumb is ____ to the fifth digit (little finger).

A

Lateral

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9
Q

The cranial cavity is ____ to the thoracic cavity

A

Cephalic or Superior

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10
Q

Visual inspection of the appearance of the liver and gallbladder during surgery is associated with which of the following.

A

Gross Anatomy

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11
Q

Which of the following abdominal regions would contain the appendix

A

Right illac

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12
Q

The three major anatomical planes are

A

sagittal, frontal, and transverse

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13
Q

Most of the terms used in anatomy and physiology originated from which of the following languages?

A

Greek and Latin

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14
Q

All of the following are found in the thoracic cavity EXCEPT the:
lungs
pleurae
meninges
heart

A

meninges

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15
Q

A parietal membrane ____, whereas a visceral membrance _____.

A

lines cavities; covers organs

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16
Q

List the six levels of organization

A
  1. chemical level
  2. cell level
  3. tissue level
  4. organ level
  5. organ system
  6. organism level
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17
Q

Name the four basic types of tissue

A
  1. epithelial
  2. connective
  3. muscle
  4. nervous
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18
Q

list the level of organ systems of the body and give a brief explanation of each

A
  1. Integumentary System
  2. Skeletal System
  3. Muscular System
  4. Lymphatic System
  5. Respiratory System
  6. Digestive System
  7. Nervous System
  8. Endocrine System
  9. Cardiovascular System
  10. Urinary System
  11. Female Reproductive System
  12. Male Reproductive System
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19
Q

Six characteristics of life

A

Organization: Refers to the specific interrelationships among the parts and how those parts interact to perform specific functions.

Metabolism: All chemical reactions taking place in the cells and internal environment of an organism.

Responsiveness: Organism’s ability to change in its external or internal environment and adjust to those changes.

Growth: Refers to an increase in size or number of cells, which produces an enlargement all parts of an organism.

Development: Changes of an organism undergoes through time, beginning with fertilization and ending at death.

Reproduction: Formation of new cells or new organisms.

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20
Q

What components are part of the negative feedback mechanism

A

Receptor: Monitors the value of a variable such as body temperature.

Control Center: Such as part of the brain, which establishes the set point around which the variables is maintained through with the receptors
and effectors.

Effectors: Such as sweat glands, which can adjust the value of the variable, usually back toward the set point.

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20
Q

An organ system is

A

a group of organs with a common set of functions

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21
Q

What is homeostasis

A

the existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body

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22
Q

What is the average body temperature

A

98.6 degrees Fahrenheit

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23
Q

A term that means “toward the attached end of the limb” is

A

proximal

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24
Q

What system removes nitrogenous waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance

A

urinary system

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25
Q

The pleural cavity is the

A

space located between the visceral and parietal pleura

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26
Q

The sural region is the

A

calf

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27
Q

The anatomical term that means “away from the midline of the body” is

A

lateral

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28
Q

The dorsal cavity includes which of the following smaller cavities

A

spinal and cranial

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29
Q

The gallbladder, liver, and stomach are all part of the

A

digestive system

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30
Q

To maintain life all living organisms depend on

A

food

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31
Q

Cells contain structures called ____, which can perform specific activities like energy production, and digestion

A

organelles.

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32
Q

Which of the following carries necessary compounds like nutrients and hormones throughout the body

A

blood

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33
Q

Cephalic means

A

closer to the head

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34
Q

A _____ plane passes through the breast, hip, and knee on only one side of the body.

A

sagittal

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35
Q

The cervical region is the

A

neck

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36
Q

Directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. In terms of figure A, what does “D” represent

A

lateral

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37
Q

In the expression “Let your fingers do the walking,” which of the following anatomical terms could be substituted for “fingers?”

A

digits

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38
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is based on what movement

A

protons in the magnetic field

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39
Q

Posterior means

A

towards the back of the body

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40
Q

the gluteal region is commonly known as the

A

buttock

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41
Q

The location and description of bones in the skeletal system will be covered under

A

anatomy

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42
Q

An organism’s ability to use energy in order to swim is an example of

A

metabolism

43
Q

Once digested, food compounds must be

A

absorbed and assimilated

44
Q

Directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. In terms of figure A, what does “C” represent

A

Median

45
Q

The breast is in the _____region.
a. sternal
b. acromial
c. pectoral
d. cervical

A

pectoral

46
Q

This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. In terms of figure B, what serous membrance does “B” represent?

A

perietal peritoneum (lines cavity)

47
Q

A CT scan allows for a 3-Dimensional image to be generated. True or False

A

True

48
Q

Nerve cells generate electrical signals in response to changes in the environment. This is an example of

A

responsiveness

49
Q

The integumentary system

A

regulates body temperature

50
Q

In figure C, showing major trunk cavities and other structures, what does “A” represent?

A

mediastinum (structures in between the lungs)

51
Q

A bullet enters the left lung and collapses it. Which cavity has been entered

A

pleural (lungs)

52
Q

In the anatomical position, the palms of the hands face

A

anteriorly

53
Q

The mesentary is

A

a double layered serous membrane that anchors some of the abdominal organs to the body wall

54
Q

The anticubital region is the

A

area in front of the elbow

55
Q

Deep means

A

away from the surface

56
Q

In a negative feedback mechanism, the response of the effector

A

reverses the original stimulus

57
Q

Which of the following activities is not necessary to maintain life

A

intellectual capability

58
Q

In terms of figure C, showing major trunk cavities and other structures. What does “B” represent

A

Diaphragm

59
Q

The _____ contains a portion of the inguinal region

A

left lower quadrant (LLQ)

60
Q

The changes an organism undergoes through time is called

A

development

61
Q

In terms of figure C, showing major trunk cavities and other structures. What does “D” represent

A

abdominal cavity

62
Q

The skin is an example of a(n)

A

organ

63
Q

The acromial region is the

A

point of the shoulder

64
Q

The anatomical “arm” refers to the part of the upper limb from the

A

shoulder to the elbow

65
Q

A view of the heart showing the interior of all four chambers would be a ____ section

A

coronal or frontal plane

66
Q

Biochemical and molecular explanations provide a better understanding of

A

physiology of organs

67
Q

The cavity of the body immediately inferior to the diaphragm is the ____ cavity

A

abdominal

68
Q

What organ system is responsible for the production of blood cells

A

skeletal system

69
Q

Which of the following sets of direction terms are most appropriately referred to as opposites?
a. lateral and median
b. superior and inferior
c. anterior and posterior
d. distal and proximal

A

distal and proximal

70
Q

A blood stimulating even more blood clotting is an example of

A

positive feedback

71
Q

Directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. In terms of figure A, what does “A” represent?

A

right

72
Q

An investigator who conducts an experiment to determine how changes in pH affect the functions of enzymes on digestion is most likely to be a(n)

A

physiologist

73
Q

An organ is

A

a structure composed of several tissue types

74
Q

The visceral pleura is

A

the serous membrane that covers the lungs

75
Q

The term “dorsal” means

A

toward the back of the body

76
Q

The ankle is ____ to the knee

A

distal

77
Q

The spleen is in the ____ of the abdomen

A

left upper quadrant (LUQ)

78
Q

A tissue is a

A

group of cells with similar structure and function

79
Q

The study of the microscopic structure of the tissues and organs is called

A

histology

80
Q

the axillary region is the

A

armpit

81
Q

The popliteal region is the

A

hollow behind the knee

82
Q

The membrane on the surface of a lung is called the

A

visceral pleura (covers lung)

83
Q

The shoulder is ____ to the elbow

A

proximal

84
Q

In terms of figure C, showing major trunk cavities and other structures. What does “C” represent?

A

thoracic cavity

85
Q

the brachial region is commonly known as the

A

upper arm

86
Q

An increase in the number of cells is

A

growth

87
Q

A ______ section separates the body into right and left portions

A

sagittal

88
Q

Medial means

A

towards the middles or midline of the body

89
Q

In terms of figure C, showing major trunk cavities and other structures. What does “E” represent?

A

pelvic cavity

90
Q

An organelle is

A

a small structure within a cell

91
Q

In terms of figure B, this is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What serous membrane does “C” represent?

A

visceral peritoneum

92
Q

The plantar surface is the

A

bottom of the foot

93
Q

A researcher discovered a new hormone that raises blood calcium levels. According to the principles of negative feedback, this hormone would be secreted when

A

blood calcium levels decrease

94
Q

What is the parietal pericardium

A

the membrane that lines the pericardial sac

95
Q

The anus is in the ____ region

A

perineal

96
Q

The groin is also known as the ____ region

A

inguinal

97
Q

Directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. In terms of figure A, what does “E” represent?

A

inferior

98
Q

Which body system would be affected by degeneration of cartilage in joints

A

skeletal

99
Q

The antebrachial region is the

A

forearm

100
Q

Anatomy deals with the

A

structure of the human body

101
Q

To understand the structure and function of an organism we also need to understand the structure and properties of

A

atoms and molecules

102
Q

A cell is

A

the basic structural unit of plants and animals

103
Q

Consider the following structural levels: chemical, organ, tissue, cell, and organ system. Which level encompasses the other four

A

organ system

104
Q

An anatomic image created from sound waves is an

A

ultrasound (or sonogram)

105
Q

Positive feedback mechanisms are always damaging to the body

A

false (giving birth blood pressure raises)

A&P 1 (8 decks)

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