Study questions Flashcards
What tissues make up the musculoskeletal system?
Cartilage, bones, joints, tendons, ligaments, connective tissue
What are the three primary functions of the musculoskeletal system?
Supporting the body, allowing motion, and protecting vital organs
What are the three types of muscle tissues, and what are their similarities and differences?
Smooth- involuntary, non-striated
Cardiac- involuntary, striated
Skeletal- voluntary, striated
What step-by-step process do muscles go through to contract at the cellular level?
The myosin head binds ATP and detaches from actin. Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP results on a conformational change in which the myosin head is cocked back. The myosin head binds to actin forming a cross bridge. When the myosin head binds to actin, the myosin head releases ADP and P. the result is another conformational change in the myosin head called the power stroke.
Why are muscles generally arranged in antagonistic pairs?
so we contract and straighten in order to do the movements on its own
How does muscle force relate to sarcomere length and contraction speed?
Muscle force will be greater if the sarcomere is longer with a slower contraction
What is the difference between slow twitch and fast twitch muscle fibers?
Slow- red, contract slowly, consume ATP slowly, aerobic,used for posture and economical movement
Fast- white, contract fast, consume ATP quickly, anaerobic, used for rapid movements
What are the differences, benefits, and drawbacks of each of the three types of skeletal systems?
Endoskeleton- made of relatively few cells and extracellular matrix, has axial and appendicular skeleton, cant grow back
Exoskeleton- must molt their skeleton which makes them vulnerable, made of chitin, can regrow
How do bones grow and repair from damage?
Osteoblasts form bones and osteoclasts repair damage to said bone by removing older layers of bone
What are the differences between spongy and compact bone?
Spongy- composed of small plates and rods (trabeculae) found at the ends of the bone, reduces the weight and increases the ability to resist deformation form force from many directions
Compact- from the walls of the bone, contains dense mineralized bone and a network of blood vessels, provides strong but brittle structure
Compare and contrast a ball-and-socket joint with a hinge joint.
Ball and socket- three dimensional range of motion, more likely to be damaged or dislocated
Hinge- two dimensional range of motion, more stable
