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Biology Exam 4 > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

what are these examples of:
Produces clones
* Binary fission
* Budding
* Fragmentation
* Parthenogenesis

A

Asexual reproduction

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2
Q

Uses meiotic cell division &
fertilization

A

sexual reproduction

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3
Q

halves the number
of chromosomes; produces
gametes (or spores)

A

meiosis

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4
Q

combines two gametes to create a diploid zygote

A

fertilization

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5
Q

What are the two kinds of gametes many species produce

A

spermatozoa (sperm) or ova (eggs)

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6
Q

Fusion of gametes results in a
zygote that grows into an___________

A

embryo

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7
Q

What is the two fold cost of sex

A

 Time and energy to
find a mate
 Fewer offspring per
reproductive cycle

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8
Q

Aquatic vertebrates (fish &
amphibians) Use _____________

A

external fertilization

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9
Q

May broadcast spawn
 May come close together to
increase the chance of
fertilization

A

external fertilization

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10
Q

Terrestrial vertebrates (reptiles,
birds, mammals) Use ____________

A

internal fertilization

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11
Q

 Also used by some aquatic
animals
 Adaptation to reproduction
outside of water, the amniotic
egg, or increased chance of
fertilization

A

internal fertilization

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12
Q

r-strategist

A

high reproduction rate
-less parental investment
-low survival rate

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13
Q

k-strategist

A

low reproduction rate
-high parental investment
-high survival rate

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14
Q

Evolved to allow terrestrial animals
to lay eggs outside of water

A

amniotic egg

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15
Q

reproductive methods for amniotic egg

A

oviparity
ovoviviparity
viviparity

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16
Q

lay eggs

A

oviparity

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17
Q

internal egg hatching

A

ovoviviparity

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18
Q

live birth mammals use a placenta

A

viviparity

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19
Q

male gametes are produced in the _______

A

testes

20
Q

Anatomy of a male gamete

A

-head
-neck
-tail

21
Q

head of gamete is called ___________ which contains enzymes
that can penetrate the outer
coating of the egg

A

acrosome

22
Q

neck of gamete contains mostly __________

A

mitochondria

23
Q

tail of gamete contains _________used for locomotion

A

flagellum

24
Q

eggs are produced in the _________

A

ovaries

25
Q

where do the eggs travel

A

Travels through the oviduct (or
fallopian tube)

26
Q

where does fertilization occur

A

oviduct

27
Q

Hypothalamus releases___________

A

gonadotropin-releasing
hormone

28
Q

gonadotropin-releasing
hormone triggers the release of _________

A

LH and FSH

29
Q

LH and FSH triggers the release of ________ , ________, and _______

A

-testosterone
-estrogen
-progesterone

30
Q

_______and ________ control
the development of secondary
sexual characteristics

A

-testosterone
-estrogen

31
Q

______ and _________control the menstrual cycle in females

A

-estrogen
-progesterone

32
Q

When women attain a post-
reproductive age, _______
results from a decrease of estradiol and progesterone from the ovaries

A

menopause

33
Q

Most non-human placental mammals have an __________ during which females are reproductively receptive. This generally occurs less frequently than in primates.

A

estrus cycle

34
Q

In the female reproductive tract,
sperm undergo_________

A

capacitation

35
Q

 Increase motility
 Loss of membrane proteins
 Change in plasma membrane
fluidity

A

capacitation

36
Q

After fertilization, the oocyte
completes meiosis II, and
undergoes changes that prevent
________

A

polyspermy

37
Q

fertilization by more
than one sperm
 Changes to the zygote
membrane to become
impassable to sperm

A

polyspermy

38
Q

solid ball of cells

A

morula

39
Q

fluid-filled ball of cells
Implantation marks the beginning
of Pregnancy

A

blastula

40
Q

The inner cell mass of the
blastocyst becomes the _______

A

embryo

41
Q

outer cell mass becomes
the ________

A

placenta

42
Q

the process by which a gastrula forms from a blastula.

A

gastrulation

43
Q

ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

A

gastrulation

44
Q

The trilaminar embryo then
undergoes ________,
during which the organs are
formed

A

Organogenesis

45
Q

a cell in an ovary which may undergo meiotic division to form an ovum.

A

oocyte

Biology Exam 4 (9 decks)

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