Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

Chemical signals secreted by cells or glands which influence the actions of other cells within the body (chemical messenger)

A

Hormones

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2
Q

Endocrine system regulates:

A

-Responses to the environment
-Growth and development
-Homeostasis
-reproduction

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3
Q

_________ are released to trigger the development of secondary sex characteristics as an animal approaches adulthood

A

Sex Hormones

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4
Q

_______ and _________ in insects is triggered by the release of hormones in tissues in the head

A

Molting and Metamorphosis

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5
Q

neuron cells that secrete hormones rather than neurotransmitters

A

neurosecretory cells

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6
Q

growth regulation is primarily controlled by the _______

A

pituitary gland

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7
Q

produces the human growth hormone

A

pituitary gland

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8
Q

endocrine organ that regulates blood sugar via negative feedback loop

A

pancreas

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9
Q

negative feedback loops are used to maintain ________

A

homeostasis

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10
Q

Have a destabilizing impact used to precipitate a particular event like childbirth

A

Positive feedback loop

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11
Q

-May be on the cell surface
-may be inside a cell
-which depends on the molecular makeup of the hormone

A

Hormone Receptors

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12
Q

what are the two groups of hormones

A

-hydrophilic
-hydrophobic

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13
Q

can not cross cell membrane (peptides and amines)

A

Hydrophilic

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14
Q

can cross cell membranes (steroids)

A

Hydrophobic

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15
Q

-more abundant
-more diverse
-work in minutes to hours
-typically initiate signal cascades that activate or repress enzymes
-changes cell shape, size, division, or triggers release of another hormone

A

Amine and peptide hormones

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16
Q

hormone pathways usually begin with a _________________ from the hypothalamus

A

Releasing Hormone

17
Q

Responds to sensory input by secreting releasing hormones

A

Hypothalamus

18
Q

These hormones signal anterior or posterior pituitary

A

Releasing hormones

19
Q

Forms from epithelial cells in the roof of the mouth

A

Anterior pituitary

20
Q

Forms from neural tissue at the base of the brain

A

Posterior pituitary

21
Q

The hypothalamuscontains _______cells that release hormones into the blood vessels that supply the anterior pituitary

A

Neurosecretory cells

22
Q

The hypothalamus neurosecretary cells synapse directly with what?

A

The posterior pituitary gland

23
Q

What are the hormones called that control the release of other hormones

A

Tropic hormones

24
Q

Hormones released by the anterior pituitary include

A

-TSH
-FSH
-LH
-ACTH

25
Q

Target thyroid and controls metabolism

A

TSH

26
Q

Signals gonads for sexual development

A

FSH

27
Q

Signals gonads to produce sex hormones

A

LH

28
Q

Signals adrenal glands to produce cortisol in times of stress raises blood sugar and suppresses immune function

A

ACTH

29
Q

What hormones are released by the posterior pituitary gland (these are both peptide hormones)

A

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone

30
Q

Controls the level of calcium in the blood by signaling bone to be built or broken down

A

Parathyroid gland

31
Q

Controls circadian rhythms by secreting melatonin

A

Pineal gland

32
Q

Secretes epinephrine an norepinephrine which regulate fight, flight , freeze responses

A

Adrenal medulla