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Patho > Study midterm > Flashcards

Study midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Hypertrophy

A

An increase in cell size that results in an enlargement of functioning tissue mass

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2
Q

Atrophy

A

A cellular adaptation in which cells revert to a small size.
-Disuse or diminished
Ex. Paralysis

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3
Q

Pathognomic Changes

A

Unique histological findings that represent distinct disease processes

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4
Q

Transudate

A

A non-infected blister (watery clear fluid)

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5
Q

Tachydysrhythmias

A

Rapid irregular rhythms of the ventricle

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6
Q

Brady dysrhythmias

A

Slow irregular rhythms of the ventricle

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7
Q

Wheezes

A

High pitched, whistling sounds

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8
Q

Friction rub

A

Grating, scratchy sound

–Inflammation of the pleural surfaces

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9
Q

Crackles (rales)

A

Noncontinuous sounds

–HF or pneumonia

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10
Q

Angina Pectoris

A

Squeezing pain in chest, lack of blood flow to myocardium

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11
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Is blood containing sputum

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12
Q

Atelectasis

A

Is the collapse of alveoli

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13
Q

Expectoration

A

Is the process of coughing up sputum

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14
Q

Rhonchi

A

Low-pitched, snore-like

–Inflamed bronchi

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15
Q

Dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath

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16
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Prolonged ischemia leading to irreversible damage

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17
Q

Hypoxia

A

Is the insufficient oxygen in the body

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18
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Lack of oxygen in bloodstream

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19
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Elevated carbon dioxide levels

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20
Q

Infarction

“ischemic necrosis”

A

Death of tissue results from prolonged ischemia

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21
Q

Apoptosis

A

Programmed cell death

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22
Q

Neoplasia/Tumor

“New growth”

A

Disorganized, uncoordinated, uncontrolled cell growth that is cancerous.
-benign or malignant

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23
Q

Dysplasia

A

Deranged cellular growth

-Vary in SIZE, SHAPE and architectural organization compared with healthy cells

24
Q

Hyperplasia

A

The increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ

only in cells capable of mitosis

25
Q

Metaplasia

A

Replacement of one cell type with another

EX. GERD

26
Q

Purulent exudate

A

Pus; fluid rich in protein from WBCs, microbial organisms, and cellular debris.

27
Q

Abscess

A

Localized, walled-off collection of purulent exudate

28
Q

Effusion

A

Accumulation of fluid in a body cavity.

29
Q

Leukocytosis

A

An increase in white blood cell number.

White blood cell count being between 15,000-20,000 cell/mL.

30
Q

Chemotaxis

A

Chemical signals attract WBCs and platelets.

31
Q

Cytokines

A

Inflammatory mediators released by WBCs. Amplify or deactivate the process.
-EX. Tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukins.

32
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Binds to RBCs and fixes them into stacks that precipitate.

33
Q

Pyrogens

A

Substances that cause fever.

34
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

Enlargement of lymph nodes, often due to inflammatory process.

35
Q

Chronic inflammation

A

Inflammation for weeks or months with no resolution or healing.

36
Q

Hemostasis

A

Stops bleeding

37
Q

Wound retraction

A

Contraction of the wound edges to close the tissue gap due to myofibroblasts.

38
Q

Primary intention

A

Least complicated wound repair, there is no missing tissue, and there are clear wound edges

39
Q

Secondary intention

A

Extensive tissue loss, regeneration with same cell type is not possible. Longer wound healing with wound contraction to close gap.

40
Q

Tertiary intention

A

Missing large amounts of deep tissue, prominent scarring, skin graft often needed.

41
Q

Eschar

A

Dead tissue that sheds or falls off from healthy skin.

42
Q

Debridement

A

Removal of necrotic tissue.

43
Q

Wound dehiscence

A

Previously closed wound edges open and ruptures.

44
Q

Wound evisceration

A

Internal tissues and organs protruding from open wound.

45
Q

Keloid

A

Hyperplastia of scar tissue.

46
Q

Contractures

A

Inflexible shrinkage of a wound.

47
Q

Stricture

A

Narrowing of an open area.

48
Q

Fistula

A

Abnormal connection between two structures.

49
Q

Adhesion

A

Abnormal bands of internal scar tissue that can limit mobility.
Internal scar tissues between tissues and organs

50
Q

5 cardinal signs (inflammation)

A 
Rubor (redness)
Tumor (swelling)
Calor (heat)
Dolor (pain)
loss of function
51
Q

Precancerous cervical cells is an example of this type of cell alteration.

A

Dysplasia

52
Q

Which bacterial often causes pneumonia?

A

Streptococcus

53
Q

Which of the following is the etiology of mononucleosis?

A

Epstein Barr Virus

54
Q

Proliferation of cancerous white blood cells is called

A

Leukemia

55
Q

Which of these are more common in children under 6 years old?

A

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

56
Q

Platelet disorders can be due to increase platelet activity due to..

A

Diabetes, smoking and hyperlipidemia

Patho (9 decks)

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