Mental Health Flashcards
Compensation
Covering up a real or perceived weakness by emphasizing a trait one considers more desirable
EX. A physically disabled boy is unable to participate in football, so he compensates by becoming a great scholar.
Rationalization
Attempting to make excuses or formulate logical reasons to justify unacceptable feelings or behaviors
EX.A patient tells the rehab nurse, “I drink because it’s the only way I can deal with my bad marriage and my worse job.”
Denial
Refusing to acknowledge the existence of a real situation or the feelings associated with it
Ex.A woman drinks alcohol every day and cannot stop, failing to acknowledge that she has a problem.
Reaction Formation
Preventing unacceptable or undesirable thoughts or behaviors from being expressed by exaggerating opposite thoughts or types of behaviors
EX. A student hates nursing and only attended nursing school to please her parents. During career day, she speaks to prospective students about the excellence of nursing as a career.
Displacement
The transfer of feelings from one target to another that is considered less threatening or that is neutral
Ex. A patient is angry with his physician, does not express it, but becomes verbally abusive with the nurse.
Regression
Retreating in response to stress to an earlier level of development and the comfort measures associated with that level of functioning
Ex. When a 2-year-old is hospitalized for tonsillitis, he will drink only from a bottle, even though his mother states he has been drinking from a cup for 6 months.
Identification
An attempt to increase self-worth by acquiring certain attributes and characteristics of an individual one admires
Ex. A teenager who required lengthy rehabilitation after an accident decides to become a physical therapist as a result of his experiences.
Repression
Involuntarily blocking unpleasant feelings and experiences from one’s awareness
Ex. A trauma victim is unable to remember anything about the traumatic event.
Intellectualization
An attempt to avoid expressing actual emotions associated with a stressful situation by using the intellectual processes of logic, reasoning, and analysis
Ex. A woman’s husband is being transferred with his job to a city far away from her parents. She hides anxiety by explaining to her parents the advantages associated with the move.
Sublimation
Rechanneling of drives or impulses that are personally or socially unacceptable into activities that are constructive
Ex. A mother whose son was killed by a drunk driver channels her anger and energy into being the president of the local chapter of Mothers Against Drunk Driving.
Introjection
Integrating the beliefs and values of another individual into one’s own ego structure
Ex. Children integrate their parents’ value system into the process of conscience formation. A child says to a friend, “Don’t cheat. It’s wrong.”
Suppression
The voluntary blocking of unpleasant feelings and experiences from one’s awareness
Ex. “I don’t want to think about that now. I’ll think about that tomorrow.”
Isolation
Separating a thought or memory from the feeling, tone, or emotion associated with it
Ex. A young woman describes being attacked and raped without showing any emotion.
Undoing
Symbolically negating or canceling out an experience that one finds intolerable
Ex. A man is nervous about his new job and yells at his wife. On his way home he stops and buys her some flowers.
Projection
Attributing feelings or impulses unacceptable to one’s self to another person
Ex. A man who is addicted to alcohol blames his wife for his excessive drinking.
Norepinephrine
(Fight or Flight) Increases HR & BP. Excess can lead to MANIA.
Dopamine
Regulation of movement, pleasure. Excess can lead to Schizophrenia and hallucinations, difficulty sleeping.
Serotonin
Regulation of mood. Deficiency can lead to depressed mood.
GABA
Inhibits/reduces neuronal activity. Deficiency can lead to Huntington’s disease.
Acetylcholine
Regulates muscle contraction. Deficiency can lead to cognitive decline, memory loss, Alzheimer’s disease.
Therapeutic range of Lithium
0.4-1.2
Patient teaching for clients taking cholinesterase inhibitors.
-Alzheimer’s drugs
-Slows rate of memory loss
-Takes WEEKS before it reaches effectiveness
Benzodiazepines and nursing considerations
-Low and slow vitals & brain
-Take at bedtime
-Don’t skip doses
-Highly addictive
-Stop drinking alcohol
-Antidote: Flumazenil
-Antidote opioids: Naloxone
-Promotes GABA
Mild anxiety
Restlessness, irritability, fidgeting
Moderate anxiety
Decreased ability to concentrate, increase perspiration, increased muscular tension
Severe anxiety
Unable to concentrate or problem solve, effective learning cannot occur, palpitations
Panic anxiety
Learning CANNOT occur, dilated pupils, hallucinations, delusions, sudden-onset panic, intense fear
Clozapine induced agranulocytosis signs and symptoms.
-Risk for agranulocytosis (low WBC count)
-Manifestations: Sudden fever, chills, sore throat, and weakness
