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Patho > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which clinical manifestation is observed in a client who has AAA abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture?

A

Cool extremities

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2
Q

A client in a health care unit has acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura? Which is a unique feature of AITP?

A

Occurs in children

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3
Q

While reviewing a client’s medical history, the nurse understands that the client is at risk of bleeding because the client’s platelet count is 80,000/uL. Which condition is this?

A

Thrombocytopenia

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4
Q

The nurse is preparing a community presentation for client about autoimmune disease. Which disease does the nurse use as an example in the presentation?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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5
Q

On reviewing the blood reports of a client who presents with a fever, the nurse finds the white blood cell count is 13,000/microliter. Which term does the nurse use when documenting this fishing?

A

Leukocytosis

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6
Q

Hypertension is the…

A
  • Continuous elevation of bld pressure above 130/90
  • correlation to many serious heart diseases
  • arterial dz due to many risk factors, weight gain, gender and smoking
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7
Q

What is the difference between Hodgkin’s lymphoma and non Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

HL has a B-cell lymphocyte that is irregular; NHL does not have this cell.

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8
Q

An acute hemorrhage due to a ruptured artery or organ causes which type of anemia?

A

Anemia of acute blood loss

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9
Q

A client develops an erythematous rash on the hands two days after working in the garden. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction has the client developed?

A

Type IV delayed

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10
Q

A female client who has extreme blood loss during menstruation and inadequate intake of nutrients may have which type of anemia?

A

Iron-deficiency anemia

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11
Q

The plaque buildup in an artery is called…

A

Atherosclerosis

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12
Q

A school age client is brought to an acute care facility because of bloody diarrhea. The vital signs of the client show a body temperature of 101.F and blood pressure of 125/85 mm Hg. Recent activity involved camping and swimming in a local lake.

A

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome

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13
Q

This immune disease has symptoms of joint inflammation due to antibody buildup in joints.

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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14
Q

If untreated, DVT can lead to…

A

Pulmonary embolism

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15
Q

Heparin is…

A

an anticoagulant drug to help with clots

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16
Q

Progressive thrombocytopenia with symptoms of renal damage and bloody diarrhea is this disease

A

Hemolytic-Uremic syndrome

17
Q

Hyperlipidemia is associated with…

A

High LDL and low HDL

18
Q

A patient has a continuous blood pressure pf 160 over 90. This is called.

A

Hypertension

19
Q

What are the four types of hypersensitivity reactions?

A

I. Immediate (allergy)
II. Cytotoxic (ex. blood transfusion reactions)
III. Immune (ex. SLE or RA)
IV. Delayed (poison ivy)

20
Q

What are 4 immunodeficiency disorders?

A

SCID
Selective IgA
DiGeorge Syndrome
HIV

21
Q

A decrease in WBC count below 4000 is…

A

Leukopenia

22
Q

A rise in WBC count above 11,000 is …

A

Leukocytosis

23
Q

Term used for neutrophil predominance in WBCs. (above 7,000)

A

Neutrophilia

23
Q

Term used for neutrophil predominance in WBCs. (above 7,000)

A

Neutrophilia

24
Q

What is hematologic neoplasms?

A

Types of cancer that affect blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and lymphoid tissues.

25
Q

Atrial Fibrillation

A

Absence of coordinated, rhythmic atrial contractions

26
Q

Ventricle fib

A

May be precipitated by PVC falling on the T wave, interrupting refractory period. Quivering

27
Q

The increase of RBC in the body

A

Polycythemia

28
Q

Proliferation of cancerous WBCs

A

Leukemia

29
Q

What are the four pathological changes to heart failure?

A
  1. Increased fluid volume or volume overload
  2. Impaired ventricular filling
  3. Degeneration of ventricular muscle
  4. Decrease ventricular contractile function
30
Q

Describe the causes of heart failure.

A 
Ischemic heart disease
Chronic hypertension
Cor pulmonale
Cardiomyopathies 
Dysrhythmias
Cardiac infection
Pulmonary embolism
31
Q

What is the triad conditions of a DVT?

A

Venous stasis
hypercoagulability
Vessel injury

32
Q

FEV1

A

The amount of air exhaled measure at one second

33
Q

FVC

A

Measures the amount of air an individual can exhale w/ force after inhaling as deeply as possible

34
Q

Name the different types of pneumothorax. How do the differ from each other?

A

PSP (air in intrapleural space)
SSP (air enters in pleural space)
traumatic (penetrating wound in thoracic cage)
tension (escalating buildup of air in lung)
iatrogenic (complication of medical procedure)

35
Q

What are risk factors for increased coagulation activity?

A

Stasis of blood flow (DVT)
increased coagulation factors (cancer)
decreased antithrombic factors

36
Q

What are risk factors associated to hypertension?

A 
Age
African American descent
Diabetes
Family history
Obesity
Smoker
Stress

Patho (9 decks)

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