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D072 Fundamentals in Business > Study Guide - Unit 6 > Flashcards

Study Guide - Unit 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Define leadership.

(U6, M8, L17)

A

Power is the ability to influence the behavior of others to get what you want.

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2
Q

How do leaders gain power?

(U6, M8, L17)

A

Leaders’ power is given to them by their followers due to their perceived knowledge, personality, and attractiveness, as well as the working relationship that has developed between them and their followers. Leaders inspire primarily through intrisic processes such as internal inspiration.

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3
Q

Define manager.

(U6, M8, L17)

A

An individual who is in a position of power and oversees a group of people or tasks. Managers are usually appointed to their role and focus on planning, organizing and directing.

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4
Q

How do managers gain power?

(U6, M8, L17)

A

Managers are usually appointed their role and focus on planning, organizing, and directing. Managers motivate primarily through external rewards and punishments.

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5
Q

How can individuals exhibit leadership? (U6, M8, L17)

A

Individuals can exhibit leadership by influencing, inspiring, mentoring, and motivating others.

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6
Q

Define locus of control. (U6, M8, L17)

A

Locus of control is the extent to which individuals believe circumstances and responses are within their contro\l.

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7
Q

Define internal locus of control. (U6, M8, L17)

A

People who believe they control their live have an internal locus of control

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8
Q

Define external locus of control.

(U6, M8, L17)

A

People who attribute their success or failure to outside influences (such as luck, timing, or other people) have an external locus of control.

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9
Q

What are the 7 core traits of successful leaders according to Edwin Lockert?
(U6, M8, L17)

A

Drive, motivation, integrity, self-confidence, cognitive ability, knowledge of business, and charisma

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10
Q

What traits of successful leaders have other studies shown?

(U6, M8, L17)

A

Intelligence, integrity, and personality traits such as extraversion, conscientiousness, openness, and high self-esteem

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11
Q

Identify two types of leader behaviors.

(U6, M8, L17)

A

Job-centered behaviors and employee-member-centered behaviors.

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12
Q

Define job-centered behaviors and provide an example.

(U6, M8, L17)

A

Refer to supervisory functions such as planning, scheduling, coordinating work activities, and providing feedback.

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13
Q

Define employee-member centered behaviors and provide an example.
(U6, M8, L17)

A

Focus on supporting employees.

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14
Q

What are the five leadership styles identified in the Blake Mouton Leadership Grid?
(U6, M8, L17)

A

Accomodating (Yeild and Comply), Sound (Contribute and Commit), Status Quo (Balance and Compromise), Indifferent (Evade and Elude), Controlling (Direct and Dominent)

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15
Q

According to Blake & Mouton, what determines which leadership style a manager should use? (U6, M8, L17)

A

Status Quo?

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16
Q

What does a status quo management style indicate according to the Blake & Mouton leadership grid? (U6, M8, L17)

A

Balance and Compromised - I endorse results that are popular but caution against taking unnecessary risk. I test my opinions with others invovled to assure ongoing acceptability.

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17
Q

What does an indifferent management style indicate according to Blake & Mouton’s leadership grid?
(U6, M8, L17)

A

Evade and Elude- I distance byself from taking active responsibility for results to avoid getting entangled in problems. If forced, I take a passive or supportive position.

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18
Q

What does a controlling management style indicate according to Blake & Mouton’s leadership grid?
(U6, M8, L17)

A

Direct and Dominant - I expect results and take control by clearly stating a course of action. I enforce rules that sustain high results and do not permit deviation.

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19
Q

What does an accommodating management style indicate according to Blake & Mouton’s leadership grid? (U6, M8, L17)

A

Yield and Comply - I support results that established and reinforce harmony. I generate positive and pleasing aspects of work.

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20
Q

What does a sound management style indicate according to Blake & Mouton’s leadership grid? (U6, M8, L17)

A

Contribute and Commit - I support team action in a way that invites involvement and commitment. I exdplore all facts and alternatice views to reach a shared understanding of the best solution.

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21
Q

Why is integrity an important quality for leaders?

(U6, M8, L17)

A

Integrity is an important quality for organizational leaders because the values of the leader are often directly translated into the valujes of the organization.

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22
Q

Define power. (U6, M8, L18)

A

Power is the ability to influence the behavior of others to get what yhou want.

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23
Q

Define influence tactics.

(U6, M8, L18)

A

Influence tactics refer to the way individuals attempt to influence one another in organizations.

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24
Q

Define rational persuasion. (U6, M8, L18)

A

Rational persuasion is the most frequently used influence tactic. Rational persuasion include using facts, data, and rational arguments to persuade others that one point of view is the best alternative/

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25
Q

Define inspirational appeals. (U6, M8, L18)

A

Inspiration tactics are seldom used, but when when they are, the result is often commitment from followers. Inspirational appeals engage values, emptions, and beliefs to gain support for courses of action.

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26
Q

What are the six sources of power used by leaders? (U6, M8, L18)

A

Legitimate power, reward power, coercive power, expert power, information power, referent power

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27
Q

Where does legitimate power come from?

(U6, M8, L18)

A

Legitmate power comes from one’s organizational role or position

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28
Q

What is reward power? (U6, M8, L18)

A

The ability to grant a reward to an employee in exchange for job performance

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29
Q

Provide an example of coercive power.

(U6, M8, L18)

A

Taking something away from or punishing someone for noncomploance, such as firing an employee or denying privileges.

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30
Q

How is reward power different than coercive power? (U6, M8, L18)

A

Reward power is positive reinforcement and coercive is negative refinforcement

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31
Q

Define expert power.

(U6, M8, L18)

A

Expert power is based on knowledge and spexial skill or experience, such as lawyers or doctors who are formally recognized for their expertise or a project manager.

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32
Q

How is information power different than expert power? (U6, M8, L18)

A

Information power stems from when a leader possesses knowledge that others need or want which could be related to a specific project rather than a larger field.

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33
Q

List and define the six-stages of design thinking.

(U6, M8, L19)

A
  1. Empathize - research your user’s needs - 2. Define - State your user’s needs and problems - 3. Ideate - Challenge assumptions and create ideas - 4. Prototype - Start to create solutions - 5. Test - Try your solutions out - 6. Implement - Introduce your ideas to markets
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34
Q

What leadership style aligns closely to the design thinking model?
(U6, M8, L19)

A

The transformational leadership approach highlights the important of leader charisma, inspirational motivation, intellectual simulation, and individualized consideration as methods of influence that align closely to the design thinking model.

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35
Q

A supervisor who provides employees with extra time off when they meet a major project objective is exhibiting what type of power?
(U6, M8)

A

Reward

36
Q

Lady Gaga is a famous singer and song writer who is respected by her peers in the industry. Lady Gaga has what type of power? (U6, M8)

A

Referent

37
Q

John has worked at his current company for 2 years, but he is already considered a SME based on theknowledge and experience he has developed over his career. Whichtype of power has John gained?
(U6, M8)

A

Expert

38
Q

A manager is working to create a more effective and streamlined recruitment and selection process. The manager meets with each of the hiring managers to discuss their concerns about the current process and understand the various steps needed to hire a new employee. Which stage of the design thinking process is the manager performing? (U6, M8)

A

Empathize

39
Q

_______(s) inspire primarily through intrinsic processes such as internal inspiration.
(U6, M8)

A

Leader

40
Q

The R&D manager uses production controls to ensure the system can make the item to the expected specifications. Which stage in the design thinking process is being used during this task? (U6, M8)

A

Test

41
Q

A group of employees share with their manager that there is conflict within the team. The manager tells the employees to resolve the problem themselves. (U6, M8)Which style of leadership is this manager using?

A

Indifferent

42
Q

The manager supports team action in a way that invites involvement and commitment. He explores all facts and alternative views to reach a shared understanding of the best solution. Based on Blake and Mouton’s Leadership Grid, which style of leadership is being used?
(U6, M8)

A

Sound

43
Q

Juan is leading a team to design a new technology that will be used across the organization. Juan has invited employees to a brainstorming meeting in which all employees are encouraged to think creatively and outside of the box. Which stage of the design process does this situation describe?
(U6, M8)

A

Ideate

44
Q

A manager is very focused on the sales numbers of the team and expects the employees to demonstrate high results each month without considering the feelings or opinions of the team. Based on Blake and Mouton’s Leadership Grid, which behavior is the manager exhibiting? (U6, M8)

A

Controlling

45
Q

Define the term leadership style.

(U6, M9, L20)

A

Leadership style is a manner or approach of providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people. There are many different leadershup styles that can be exhibited by leaders in politics, business, or other fields.

46
Q

What does a leader with a people-oriented style focus on?

(U6, M9, L20)

A

Those with people-oriented style are more concerned with workplace relationships. The leader emphasizes interpersonal relations and employee cooperation.

47
Q

What does a leader with a task-oriented style focus on?

(U6, M9, L20)

A

A leader with a task-oriented style focuses on the technical or task aspects of the job. The concern for this type of leader is that employees know what is expected of them and have the tools needed to do their job.

48
Q

Describe the term autocratic style of leadership.

(U6, M9, L20)

A

Under an autocratic management style, decision-making power is concentrated in the manager. Autocratic managers to not entertain any suggestions or consider initiatives from subordinates.

49
Q

When is an autocratic style of leadership effective?

(U6, M9, L20)

A

This style of management is effective for quick decision making but is generally not sucessful in fostering employee engagement or maintaining worker satisfaction.

50
Q

Describe the term participative or democratic style of leadership.
(U6, M9, L20)

A

Under a participative or democratic style of management, the manager shares the decision-making authority with group members. Participative management can help employees feel more invested in devisions, outcomes, or the choices they have made because they have had a say in them.

51
Q

What does a participative leader value?

(U6, M9, L20)

A

This approach values individual interests and perspectives while also contributing to team cohesion.

52
Q

Describe the term laissez-faire style of leadership.

(U6, M9, L20)

A

Also described as “hands-off” management because the manager delegates the tasks to the followers while providing them with little or no directions.

53
Q

How are polices and methods created under a laissez-faire style of leadership? (U6, M9, L20)

A

Under this type of management, subordinates are given a free hand in deciding their own policies and methods.

54
Q

What tools do transactional leaders use to motivate employees?
(U6, M9, L20)

A

With transactional leadership, motivation is derived from an arrangement whereby employees are rewarded for accomploshing goals set for them or tasks assigned to them.

55
Q

What is the major assumption under transactional leadership theory?
(U6, M9, L20)

A

Transactional leadership theories assume that the desires of the leader and the desires of the follower are not the same. Because of this, the leader must provide some form of extrinsic motivation for the follower. Without this, the follower will not want to do what the leader desires.

56
Q

What is transformational leadership committed to changing?

(U6, M9, L20)

A

Transformational leadership is committed to changing the desires of the follower so they match the desires of the leader. If the leader can transform followers’ wants so they share the leader’s vision and desires, they will have a greater source of motivation to pursue that vision and goal.

57
Q

What are the 4 tools transformational leadership can use?

(U6, M9, L20)

A
  1. Idealized influence 2. Inspiration motiviation 3. Intellectual stimulation 4. Individualized consideration
58
Q

Define idealized influence.

(U6, M9, L20)

A

A leader models behaviors and attitudes that subordinates choose to emulate

59
Q

Define inspirational motivation.

(U6, M9, L20)

A

A leader inspires a passionate vision among subordinates or the organization itself

60
Q

Define intellectual stimulation.

(U6, M9, L20)

A

A leader recognizes the intellect of subordinates and empowers them to contribute towards the success or vision of the organization

61
Q

Define individualized consideration. (U6, M9, L20)

A

A leader takes the time to learn about the talents of each individual and puts them to good use

62
Q

Define the term situational leadership.

(U6, M9, L20)

A

To be most effective and successful, a leader must be able to adapt their style and approach to diverse circumstances. This include’s balancing one’s personal leadership style with the followers’ level of maturity or preparedness.

63
Q

Describe a selling leadership style. (U6, M9, L20)

A

Leaders are still the decision-makers, but they communicate and work to persuade employees rather than simply direct them.

64
Q

Describe a telling leadership style.

(U6, M9, L20)

A

This is a direct and authoritative approach. The leader makes decisions and tells employees what to do.

65
Q

Describe a delegating leadership style. (U6, M9, L20)

A

The leader assigns decision-making responsibility to team members but oversees their work.

66
Q

Describe a participating leadership style.

(U6, M9, L20)

A

Leaders work with team members to make decisions together. They support and encourage them and are more participatory.

67
Q

Which situational leadership style should be used when followers have low competence and low commitment?
(U6, M9, L20)

A

Autocratic

68
Q

Which situational leadership style should be used when followers have low competence and high commitment? (U6, M9, L20)

A

Selling

69
Q

Which situational leadership style should be used when followers have high competence but low commitment and confidence?
(U6, M9, L20)

A

Participating

70
Q

Which situational leadership style should be used when followers have high competence and high commitment and confidence?
(U6, M9, L20)

A

Delegating

71
Q

Under situational leadership, what determines which style should be used? (U6, M9, L20)

A

Your followers’ maturity level/level of preparedness (competence) and commitment/confidence.

72
Q

What determines the appropriate leadership style a manager should use?
(U6, M9, L21)

A

To be a great manager, you must change your styles based on the situation and the individual involved.

73
Q

In what situations does autocratic leadership work best?

(U6, M9, L21)

A

Emploees have high role ambiguity. Employees have low ability. Employees have low intrinsic motication. There is little time for group decision making.

74
Q

In what situations does participative leadership work best?

(U6, M9, L21)

A

Employees have high abilities. Employees have high intrinsic motivation. The decision is relevant to employees. The decisions impact a large number of people.

75
Q

In what situations does laissez-faire leadership work best?

(U6, M9, L21)

A

Employees have high abilities. This is found in creative fields where the team values its freedom. Employees have high achievement motiviation.

76
Q

Jamie’s manager routinely asks her team for their input in business decisions. Her manager also motivates her team with positive feedback and training, sets clear goals, sets high standards, and very much appreciates the team’s work. In fact, her manager encourages her team to look for ways to challenge themselves and perform at their highest potential. What type of leadership does this exemplify? (U6, M9)

A

transformational

77
Q

In an emergency situation, where time is critical; there is little time for group decision-making. This describes what style of leadership? (U6, M9)

A

autocratic

78
Q

A manager who exhibits a ________ style of management provides employees significant freedom, trusts them to use their professional expertise to make sound decisions, and interferes only when necessary. (U6, M9)

A

laissez-fare

79
Q

Betty, a new manager, recently hired an employee from another department to work on her team. While Sammy is known to be a real “go getter”, he has no prior experience in this role. Which style of leadership should be effective in managing and directing Sammy?
(U6, M9)

A

autocratic

80
Q

Eli has high competence and low commitment and is classified as M3 level of maturity. Which ty (U6, M9)pe of leadership style will be the best for Eli?

A

participative

81
Q

Which leadership style should be used to manage a low competence and low commitment team? (U6, M9)

A

telling

82
Q

Under this leadership style, leaders are still the decision-makers, but they communicate and work to persuade employees rather than simply direct them. (U6, M9)

A

selling

83
Q

A leader who displays __________ is a respected role model to his or her followers in terms of performance, ethics, and confidence. (U6, M9)

A

Idealized Influence

84
Q

_______ creates a collective vision that encourages followers to exert extra effort in challenging situations.
(U6, M9)

A

Inspirational Motivation

85
Q

A leader who displays __________ helps followers to achieve their potential through coaching and mentoring.
(U6, M9)

A

Individualized Consideration

86
Q

A leader who encourages his/her followers to think critically and independently is displaying ___________.
(U6, M9)

A

Intellectual Stimulation

D072 Fundamentals in Business (7 decks)

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