Study Guide Exam 2 Flashcards
What is the idea behind SOAP notes?
To be brief, informative, focus on what others need to know and include whatever information and insurance company would need to see to justify your continued involvement with client
What does S stand for?
subjective
Describing your impression of the client.
- Include your impressions about the client’s level of awareness, motivation, mood, willingness to participate
What does O stand for?
Objective
- Writing measurable information
- Data goes here
- Include any test scores, percentages, for any goals/objectives worked on
- Include quantitative information
- Key words; measurable, accuracy, percentage, or attempts
- Make sure to include the condition (settings)
What are some specific words you can use in the objective section?
- Pointed to
- Maintain/complete
- Said
- Smiles
- Exchanges
- Ask
- Comment
- Answer
What does the “A” stand for?
Assessment/Analysis
- Describe your analysis of the session
- Mastery or progress
- This section you are interpreting the data to tell what it all means & how their progress is doing
- EX: “Production of /r/ will increase from 65% accuracy during last session to 90% accuracy during today’s session.”
What does the “P” stand for?
Plan
…. (i.e. prompting)
- EX: Change objective #1 to receptive from expressive so probe expressive for obj #1
What are the 3 key elements in objective goal writing?
1) Performance/behavior = measurable
2) Conditions=context
3) Criterion = accuracy
What is motivation and the types of motivation (Chapter 5)
A stimulus or force that causes a person to act.
S-L Tx = desire to improve communication.
Extrinsic: external to the client i.e. tokens.
Intrinsic: caused by an internal force or stimulus i.e.
desire to improve.
Intrinsic motivation is the strongest in terms of
impacting learning.
What are the two types of reinforcement (Chapter 5)
A) Continuous:
1:1 ratio of correct response to reinforcer.
Works best when a new target behavior is being taught.
***Continuous is when they first start
B) Intermitten:
Ratio.
Variable.
Works best for intermediate & advanced work.
Explain Diagonal seating
This is good when giving protocol
+gives proximity, privacy of protocol while allowing you to still see what the client sees
Explain seating across the table
This is good for worksheets, playing games, drawing
Explain side-by-side seating
you lose–eye contact, face to face, & privacy
-good for joint attention and hand over hand
Explain kidney table seating
- attend to more people
- gives you access to client(s) by touch
ex. Latino, Native Americans, African American families tended to prefer seating arrangements that allowed for group interaction
Explain cluster seating
better for young group interactions with toys/games
SLP chooses a semicircle for interactive purposes, but removes the table to achieve better proximity and increased ease in creating opportunities to facilitate interaction among clients
Explain mounted mirror seating
The SLP seats clients facing a large mirror that is mounted on the wall
- works well for clients who require a lot of visual feedback for artic but still have SLP as a model
- Highly visual seating arrangement
T/F Establishment phase is required due to regression-recoupment.
True
Occurs during notable times spans between therapy sessions, the level of accomplishment in the prior therapy session may no longer exist
What is regression-recoupment
a phenomena, where-by the level of success obtained in therapy in a previous session no longer exists due to the time between therapy sessions, and the amount of time it takes to again reach the prior level of performance
SO, the SLP must adjust plans and provide therapy at an appropriate level, most often at a lower level of accomplishment than intended
What is behavior management? (Ch. 5)
a system that the SLP uses to establish and maintain appropriate client behavior for therapeutic intervention
How can you manage clients behavior?
- communicate clear clinical expectations
- Conduct therapy sessions that are engaging and motivating w clear rationales
- Establish clinical objectives that are challenging but within clients capabilities
- deliver lessons or activities of the session effectively
- create a positive, supportive atmosphere within therapeutic setting
What are the 3 types of techniques?
low-intensity
medium intensity
high intensity
What are low-intensity behavioral management techniques ?
include establishing class rules using specific praise (specific to aspect of behavior) ignoring behaviors (planned and used to negate a disruptive behavior)
What are medium intensity behavioral management techniques?
include contingency contracting, token economy systems, and self-management strategies
ex. self monitoring, self eval, and self reinforcement
Explain contingency contracting
based on an agreement between the client and the SLP regarding expected client behavior within the therapeutic setting
explain dependent contingencies vs independent vs. interdependent
dependent: all group members share in the reinforcement if one individual achieves a goal
Interdependent: all group members are reinforces if all collectively achieve the stated goal
Independent: individuals within the group are reinforced for individual achievements toward a goal
In medium behavior management what is token economy ?
system of behavioral management involving nonsocial conditioned reinforcers earned for exhibiting desired academic or social behaviors that may be exchanged for something
Self management strategies in medium behavior management
self management strategies: behavioral techniques that are student-directed and typically are instituted once teacher-directed behavior management strategies are demonstrated consistently
includes: self-monitoring, evaluation, and reinforcement
Explain includes: self-monitoring, evaluation, and reinforcement
monitoring: student to record the frequency of a particular behavior, usually on a card or other form
evaluation: compare their behavior to preset standard to determine whether the criterion is being accomplished
reinforcement: having students reward or reinforce themselves following appropriate behavior
What are high-intensity behavioral management techniques?
highly structured behavioral programs and classrooms involving multiple individuals
used when low and med don’t work and must work with other professions to help the client facilitate positive behavioral changes
require students enrollment in special programs and show behavioral difficulties across several areas of functioning–home, classroom, social setting
Rewrite the ladder for behavior
(:
Define Model of Services?
Chapter 6
refers to the management strategies used in scheduling clients for therapy
Model services include what?
Pull-out: taken out of typical setting and served in a designated “speech room”
Collaborative: working with the teacher in classroom, teaching class
Consultative: talking to others (parents, teachers, professionals) to address the needs of the client on a limited direct contact basis
Pull-in(push-in): in the classroom with just the client or in a small group
Special classroom- SDC–whereby students go to the language and speech classroom as part of a regular routine of courses
Explain Individual vs. Group Tx
Individual: means that the SLP works with only one client or student at a time
Interactive therapy in a group: group instruction should form the core of speech therapy and that group membership should be non-segregated in respect to kinds of speech symptoms –interactive nature
Explain Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous Groups
Homogenous: therapy groups in which all clients are working on the same or similar objectives (Ex. /s/ or /k/)
Heterogenous: clients are working on different objectives, often from different disability groups (ex. /s/ semantics for body parts, fluency, age levels)
Explain what Interactive Group Tx is
therapy structure in which each member of the group serves as a peer model or evaluator for the productions of others in the group in a fashion similar to conversational exchanges, such that it is often difficult to determine whose turn it is at the moment
Each member listens, models, evaluates, or supports productions of others’ targets or objectives throughout the session.
