Study Guide Exam 2

Question 1

What is the idea behind SOAP notes?

Answer 1

To be brief, informative, focus on what others need to know and include whatever information and insurance company would need to see to justify your continued involvement with client

Question 2

What does S stand for?

Answer 2

subjective

Describing your impression of the client.
- Include your impressions about the client’s level of awareness, motivation, mood, willingness to participate

Question 3

What does O stand for?

Answer 3

Objective

• Writing measurable information
• Data goes here
• Include any test scores, percentages, for any goals/objectives worked on
• Include quantitative information
• Key words; measurable, accuracy, percentage, or attempts
• Make sure to include the condition (settings)

Question 4

What are some specific words you can use in the objective section?

Answer 4

• Pointed to
• Maintain/complete
• Said
• Smiles
• Exchanges
• Ask
• Comment
• Answer

Question 5

What does the “A” stand for?

Answer 5

Assessment/Analysis

• Describe your analysis of the session
• Mastery or progress
• This section you are interpreting the data to tell what it all means & how their progress is doing
• EX: “Production of /r/ will increase from 65% accuracy during last session to 90% accuracy during today’s session.”

Question 6

What does the “P” stand for?

Answer 6

Plan

…. (i.e. prompting)
- EX: Change objective #1 to receptive from expressive so probe expressive for obj #1

Question 7

What are the 3 key elements in objective goal writing?

Answer 7

1) Performance/behavior = measurable
2) Conditions=context
3) Criterion = accuracy

Question 8

What is motivation and the types of motivation (Chapter 5)

Answer 8

A stimulus or force that causes a person to act.
S-L Tx = desire to improve communication.

Extrinsic: external to the client i.e. tokens.

Intrinsic: caused by an internal force or stimulus i.e.
desire to improve.

Intrinsic motivation is the strongest in terms of
impacting learning.

Question 9

What are the two types of reinforcement (Chapter 5)

Answer 9

A) Continuous:
1:1 ratio of correct response to reinforcer.
Works best when a new target behavior is being taught.
***Continuous is when they first start

B) Intermitten:
Ratio.
Variable.
Works best for intermediate & advanced work.

Question 10

Explain Diagonal seating

Answer 10

This is good when giving protocol

+gives proximity, privacy of protocol while allowing you to still see what the client sees

Question 11

Explain seating across the table

Answer 11

This is good for worksheets, playing games, drawing

Question 12

Explain side-by-side seating

Answer 12

you lose–eye contact, face to face, & privacy

-good for joint attention and hand over hand

Question 13

Explain kidney table seating

Answer 13

• attend to more people
• gives you access to client(s) by touch
  ex. Latino, Native Americans, African American families tended to prefer seating arrangements that allowed for group interaction

Question 14

Explain cluster seating

Answer 14

better for young group interactions with toys/games

SLP chooses a semicircle for interactive purposes, but removes the table to achieve better proximity and increased ease in creating opportunities to facilitate interaction among clients

Question 15

Explain mounted mirror seating

Answer 15

The SLP seats clients facing a large mirror that is mounted on the wall

• works well for clients who require a lot of visual feedback for artic but still have SLP as a model
• Highly visual seating arrangement

Question 16

T/F Establishment phase is required due to regression-recoupment.

Answer 16

True
Occurs during notable times spans between therapy sessions, the level of accomplishment in the prior therapy session may no longer exist

Question 17

What is regression-recoupment

Answer 17

a phenomena, where-by the level of success obtained in therapy in a previous session no longer exists due to the time between therapy sessions, and the amount of time it takes to again reach the prior level of performance

SO, the SLP must adjust plans and provide therapy at an appropriate level, most often at a lower level of accomplishment than intended

Question 18

What is behavior management? (Ch. 5)

Answer 18

a system that the SLP uses to establish and maintain appropriate client behavior for therapeutic intervention

Question 19

How can you manage clients behavior?

Answer 19

1. communicate clear clinical expectations
2. Conduct therapy sessions that are engaging and motivating w clear rationales
3. Establish clinical objectives that are challenging but within clients capabilities
4. deliver lessons or activities of the session effectively
5. create a positive, supportive atmosphere within therapeutic setting

Question 20

What are the 3 types of techniques?

Answer 20

low-intensity
medium intensity
high intensity

Question 21

What are low-intensity behavioral management techniques ?

Answer 21

include establishing class rules
using specific praise (specific to aspect of behavior)
ignoring behaviors (planned and used to negate a disruptive behavior)

Question 22

What are medium intensity behavioral management techniques?

Answer 22

include contingency contracting, token economy systems, and self-management strategies

ex. self monitoring, self eval, and self reinforcement

Question 23

Explain contingency contracting

Answer 23

based on an agreement between the client and the SLP regarding expected client behavior within the therapeutic setting

Question 24

explain dependent contingencies vs independent vs. interdependent

Answer 24

dependent: all group members share in the reinforcement if one individual achieves a goal

Interdependent: all group members are reinforces if all collectively achieve the stated goal

Independent: individuals within the group are reinforced for individual achievements toward a goal

Question 25

In medium behavior management what is token economy ?

Answer 25

system of behavioral management involving nonsocial conditioned reinforcers earned for exhibiting desired academic or social behaviors that may be exchanged for something

Question 26

Self management strategies in medium behavior management

Answer 26

self management strategies: behavioral techniques that are student-directed and typically are instituted once teacher-directed behavior management strategies are demonstrated consistently

includes: self-monitoring, evaluation, and reinforcement

Question 27

Explain includes: self-monitoring, evaluation, and reinforcement

Answer 27

monitoring: student to record the frequency of a particular behavior, usually on a card or other form
evaluation: compare their behavior to preset standard to determine whether the criterion is being accomplished
reinforcement: having students reward or reinforce themselves following appropriate behavior

Question 28

What are high-intensity behavioral management techniques?

Answer 28

highly structured behavioral programs and classrooms involving multiple individuals

used when low and med don’t work and must work with other professions to help the client facilitate positive behavioral changes

require students enrollment in special programs and show behavioral difficulties across several areas of functioning–home, classroom, social setting

Question 29

Rewrite the ladder for behavior

Answer 29

(:

Question 30

Define Model of Services?

Chapter 6

Answer 30

refers to the management strategies used in scheduling clients for therapy

Question 31

Model services include what?

Answer 31

Pull-out: taken out of typical setting and served in a designated “speech room”

Collaborative: working with the teacher in classroom, teaching class

Consultative: talking to others (parents, teachers, professionals) to address the needs of the client on a limited direct contact basis

Pull-in(push-in): in the classroom with just the client or in a small group

Special classroom- SDC–whereby students go to the language and speech classroom as part of a regular routine of courses

Question 32

Explain Individual vs. Group Tx

Answer 32

Individual: means that the SLP works with only one client or student at a time

Interactive therapy in a group: group instruction should form the core of speech therapy and that group membership should be non-segregated in respect to kinds of speech symptoms –interactive nature

Question 33

Explain Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous Groups

Answer 33

Homogenous: therapy groups in which all clients are working on the same or similar objectives (Ex. /s/ or /k/)

Heterogenous: clients are working on different objectives, often from different disability groups (ex. /s/ semantics for body parts, fluency, age levels)

Question 34

Explain what Interactive Group Tx is

Answer 34

therapy structure in which each member of the group serves as a peer model or evaluator for the productions of others in the group in a fashion similar to conversational exchanges, such that it is often difficult to determine whose turn it is at the moment

Each member listens, models, evaluates, or supports productions of others’ targets or objectives throughout the session.