Chapter 6 Basic Structure within the therapeutic process

Question 1

What are the three management concepts

Answer 1

Time frames for therapy.

Individual vs. group therapy.

Heterogeneous vs. homogeneous groups.

Question 2

What are time frames for therapy?

Answer 2

Frequency of therapy = how often seen weekly.

Duration of therapy = how much time per session.

Question 3

What are frequency and duration indicators?

Answer 3

1. Type and severity of the client’s S-L disorder
2. Customary practices in the service facility i.e. 5 days a week vs. twice a week.
3. Client’s tolerance and stamina for frequency and duration of Tx.

Question 4

What are frequency and duration factors?

Answer 4

Schedule sessions to optimize effectiveness of Tx.

Coordinate S-L services with other services

Allow time for indirect services (paperwork, evaluations, conferences, and breaks).

Client’s support system to help with Tx needs.

Client’s financial resources for paying for S-L services.

Time requirements of the specific programs or techniques needed to accomplish the client’s goals.

Model of services.

Question 5

What are types of model of services?

Answer 5

Pull-out: taken out of typical setting
Collaborative: working with the teacher in classroom, teaching class
Consultative: talking to others (parents, teachers, professionals)
Pull-in(push-in): in the classroom with just the client
Special classroom- SDC

Question 6

Explain Individual vs. Group Tx

Answer 6

Individual: means that the SLP works with only one client or student at a time

Individual therapy in a group: group instruction should form the core of speech therapy and that group membership should be non-segregated in respect to kinds of speech symptoms –interactive nature

Question 7

Explain Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous Groups

Answer 7

Homogenous: therapy groups in which all clients are working on the same or similar objectives (Ex. /s/ or /k/)

Heterogenous: clients are working on different objectives, often from different disability groups (ex. /s/ semantics for body parts, fluency, age levels)

Question 8

Explain what Interactive Group Tx is

Answer 8

Each member listens, models, evaluates, or supports productions of others’ targets or objectives throughout the session.

Question 9

What are Components of Tx Session?

Answer 9

Introduction

Body

Closing

Question 10

Explain introduction

Answer 10

Introduction – sets the stage.

Take no more than 2 to 3 minutes.
Greeting and rapport.
Review of previous session.
Collection of or mentoring of homework.

How realistic is 2-3 minutes??

Question 11

Explain body

Answer 11

Body - where ‘actual’ work occurs.

24-26 minutes of a 30 minutes session.
Establishment phase. See next slides
Eliciting and recording phase. See next slides
Teaching phase. See next slides

Question 12

Explain establishment phase

Answer 12

• State the intended objective of the session for each client.
• Model or prompt the target of the objective at the intended level or work for each client. (review from past SOAP)
• Elicit the target three to five times to determine if the client’s skills match the intended objective. (getting baseline)
• State the actual established level of work for the session for each client, depending on client responses at item 3. (begin at baseline)

Question 13

Establishment phase is required due to _____ and _______

Answer 13

regression-recoupment.
Occurs if time between sessions is too great.
Client loses ground on success gained at end of session.

SLP must reteach skills – use data to determine level of Tx.

SLPs must adjust Tx plans to accommodate R-R in some clients.(think learning here)

Question 14

Establishment is accomplished through assessment of correct production of an ________?

Answer 14

imitative verbal task.

Task: SLP verbal model = word initial /s/ in ‘soup’, ‘sock’, etc.
Response: Client imitates.
Assessment: SLP assesses accuracy of client responses

Question 15

What are Guidelines for Establishment?

Answer 15

Maintain a “minutes matter” attitude – establish baseline levels as quickly as possible.
Objective is to determine the best baseline level - never any correction of client responses or teaching.
Document how much the client regresses between sessions. (Learning)
Establishment is the place to begin Tx. BASELINE!!!

Question 16

Explain eliciting and recording phase of body

Answer 16

Eliciting: bringing forth responses from clients.
SLP models skill i.e. /s/.
AKA……??????
Recording/Data Collection: writing down a tally of correct and incorrect responses.

Question 17

What are 4 tasks a client can elicit in the phase of the body?

Answer 17

Model and elicit the target of the objective at the established baseline level of Tx. TEACHING

Record each response as it occurs using a consistent data recording notation system. DATA COLLECTION

Reinforce client’s responses on a predetermined schedule of reinforcement as seen in Chapter 5. REINFORCE

Provide corrective feedback (continue items 1 -4 until an error response occurs). TEACHING

Question 18

What are the 9 tasks in the teaching phase?

Answer 18

Verbally reinforce the client’s effort.

Provide corrective verbal feedback regarding error response.

Demonstrate/model target at lower levels to teach or reteach the target.

Use others in session to add peer-modeling and the interactive effect.

Elicit the target from the client whose turn it is.

Use successive approximations or shaping techniques (Chapter 5) to bridge between desirable and undesirable productions.

Once successive approximations are complete and the client is back at target level, provide one slowly presented final opportunity for the client to accomplish objective.

Give corrective feedback for the effort.

Return to eliciting and recording for the next time.

Question 19

What happens in closing?

Answer 19

Closing - 2 to 3 minutes.
Review the session’s objectives.
Summarize client’s performance.
Homework.
Rewards and dismissal.

Question 20

What is a good learning tool?

Answer 20

List each component of the major divisions of a speech-language therapy session and discuss what should transpire within each section.