Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Spring '13-126 (Exam 1) > Study Guide > Flashcards

Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four basic systems of speech production?

A

respiration
phonation
resonance
articulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is respiration and what is its basic contribution to speech production?

A
  • it is the power mechanism

- during speech production there is less air pressure in lungs & air rushes to meet demands for speaking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is phonation and what is its basic contribution to speech production? And what are the 3 aspects of voice?

A
  • phonation=vocal fold movement–>influences voice characteristics
  • 3 aspects of voice: pitch, intensity, phonatory quality
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is resonance and what is its basic contribution to speech production?

A
  • quality of voice
  • fund. frequency that is generated at the vocal folds, reverberates throughout the vocal tract
  • enhances acoustic proficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is articulation? What are the movable and immovable articulators?

A
  • articulation is speech sound production
  • moveable articulators: tongue, lips, soft palate
  • immoveable articulators-teeth, jaw, and alveolar ridge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why is our hearing essential in processing and producing speech?

A
  • hearing is foundational for speech/language development

- it helps monitor/regulate our own speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

explain the anatomy of the eustachian tube and its primary function & secondary function

A
  • ET originates at the rear of the nose and ends in the middle ear
  • primary function: ventilate the middle ear to maintain equal pressure
  • secondary function: drain secretions & debris from middle ear space
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the job of a healthy Eustachian tube and what position is it in?

A

closed to protect the middle ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does an unhealthy eustachian tube look like? and what happens when it is unhealthy?

A
  • open or blocked
  • pain or sensation of “earfullness”
  • sounds are perceived as muffled
  • worsening of unhealthy ET: creates negative pressure & fluid drawn into middle ear
  • at risk for chronic ear infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is theory?

A

explains a natural phenomena that allows us to PREDICT FUTURE OCCURENCE & TEST through experimentation and observation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is model?

A

representation & interpretation of the theory (on a smaller scale) that GUIDES CLINICAL WORK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the articulatory model?

A

-articulatory movements and capabilities are the contributing factors to the development of speech sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the Vocal Tract model?

A

speech development is predicted partly on the growth and anatomic restructuring of the vocal tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Motor Control model?

A

acquisition of speech results from early oral-sensory movements to more controlled articulatory movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the feedback model?

A

Acquisition of speech requires continuous feedback to maintain speech production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the connectionist model?

A

speech production involves multiple information processing units that form interconnected and close knit networks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is phonology?

A

study of how sounds are organized and used within a language system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is a phoneme?

A

group of sounds rather than a single sound; production varies slightly in different position in words but does not change meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is a morpheme?

A

smalles unit of language that carries meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is a free morpheme?

A

whole word & can stand alone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is a bound morpheme?

A

prefix/suffix; attached to word to change word meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are minimal pairs?

A

similar morphemes except for one phoneme (cat vs. bat)

23
Q

What is coarticulation?

A

the influence sounds have on one another (within words, phrases, and sentences)

24
Q

What are cognate pairs?

A 
/θ/ & /ð/ 
/ʃ/ & /ʒ/
/tʃ/ & /dʒ/ 
/v/ & /f/
/s/ & /z/
/d/ & /t/
/b/ & /p/
/k/ & /g/
25
Q

What is broad (phonemic) transcription?

A

IPA symbols represented between slashes/vergules (/m/)–>pretty broad
-generally transcribes the intended word

26
Q

what is narrow (phonetic) transcription?

A

IPA symbols represented between brackets ([m])–>more specific
-used when transcribing exactly what the client said

27
Q

what are the purposes and benefits of transcription?

A
  • allows for consistent recordings of speech sound productions
  • important for studying languages
  • highlights patterns of productions
  • helps differentiate between normal vs. distorted speech
28
Q

What are diacritical markers and what are they used for?

A

special symbols used to represent variation in phoneme production

29
Q

What are Oller’s 5 stages of Prelinguistic development?

A
  1. Phonation Stage: birth-1 month
  2. Coo & Goo Stage: 2-3 months
  3. Exploration/Expansion Stage: 4-6 months
  4. Canonical Babbling Stage: 7-9 months
  5. Variegated Babbling Stage: 10-12 months
30
Q

What are the characteristics of the phonation stage?

A
  • birth-1 month
  • they don’t initiate much, they are responding to stimuli
  • Reflexive vocalizations with few speech like sounds
  • vocalizations resembling vowels
  • limited oral resonance
31
Q

What are the characteristics of the coo & goo stage?

A
  • 2-3 months
  • production of “primitive” syllable sequences
  • expect them to start imitating @ this stage
  • sounds are acoustically similar to back vowels and CV & VC syllables
  • Irregular timing in the opening and closing of CV segments
32
Q

What are the characteristics of the Exploration/Expansion stage

A
  • 4-6 months
  • increasing control of laryngeal & articulatory mechanism
  • period of vocal play: squeals, growls, yells, raspberries
  • vowel productions: better oral resonance sounding more adult-like
  • consonant productions: better constriction (consonant like)
  • productions-CV & VC syllable sequences (marginal babbling)
  • timing for opening and closing still difficult
33
Q

What are the characteristics of the Canonical Babbling stage?

A
  • 7-9 months
  • CV syllables continue and are more adult like in timing for opening & closure
  • Longer CV syllable strings-reduplicated syllable sequences (mama, dada) starting to represent “real” words
  • Phonetic repertoire-still limited but may contain stops, nasals, glides, and lax vowels (/ɛ,ɪ,ʌ/)
  • Production of alveolar sounds emerge
34
Q

what are the characteristics of the variegated babbling stage?

A
  • 10-12 months
  • CV syllable sequence continue and become more differentiated (magada, tikada)
  • C and V repertoire increases
  • Variegated syllable sequences-connected CV string resembling real statements, questions, & exclamations
  • Quality of intonation patterns are more adult-like
  • Jargon-Variegated syllables with modulated babbling
35
Q

What is a true word?

A

-stable phonetic form similar to adult form

36
Q

What are the two main categories for English phonemes?

A

-consonants & vowels

37
Q

How are consonants produced?

A

produced by partial/complete “constriction” of the vocal tract

38
Q

How are vowels produced?

A

Produced with relatively “open” vocal tract

39
Q

What are monophthongs?

A

pure vowels-one sound

40
Q

what are diphthongs?

A
  • two simple vowels

- quick gliding from articulatory position to the next

41
Q

Describe the Cv structure

A

open syllable
consonant is prevocalic
initial position

42
Q

Describe vC structure

A

closed syllable
consonant is “postvocalic”
final position

43
Q

Describe vCv structure

A

open syllable
consonant is intervocalic
medial positition

44
Q

describe V structure

A

syllabic
stand alone (“I”)
nucleus of syllables

45
Q

describe Cv or CCv

A

onset (consonant/consonant cluster)

46
Q

Describe vC, cvC, or cvCC

A

coda-follows the nucleus

47
Q

what is production of consonants based on?

A

manner of production
place of articulation
voicing

48
Q

Different levels of linguistics:

What are the differences between Phonetics vs. Phonology?

A

Phonetics:

Phonology:

49
Q

Different levels of linguistics:

What are the differences between Morphology vs. Syntax?

A

Morphology: Word structure

Syntax: Sentence structure

50
Q

Different levels of linguistics:

What are the differences between Semantics vs. Pragmatics?

A

Semantics: meaning/word knowledge

Pragmatics: Practical use of language in social interations

51
Q

How are vowels classified?

A
  • tongue height (high, mid, low)
  • tongue advancement
  • lip rounding
  • tenseness features
52
Q

what are the front vowels?

A
  • i
  • ɪ
  • e
  • ɛ
  • æ
  • a
53
Q

What are the back vowels?

A
  • u
  • ʊ
  • o
  • ɔ
  • ɑ
54
Q

What are the Central vowels?

A
  • ə
  • ɚ
  • ʌ
  • ɜ^

Spring '13-126 (Exam 1) (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions