1/30- Articulation vs. Phonology PPT Flashcards
IC
What is speech production?
Voluntary and complex
What is acquired naturally without formal instruction?
speech production
What is a theory?
it explains a natural phenomena that allow us to predict future occurrence & test through experimentation and observation
What is model?
representation & interpretation of the theory (on a smaller scale) that guides clinical work
What is current perspective on speech production based on?
Theory and Model
What mechanisms does speech production integrate?
anatomical & neurological mechanisms
What is the articulatory model?
articulatory movements and capabilities are the contributing factors to the development of speech sounds
what is the vocal tract model?
speech development is predicated partly on the growth and anatomic restructuring of the vocal tract
What is evidence based practice (EBT)?
Your intervention has gone through vigorous research and has show long term and positive result and can be applied to different populations, age groups, and cultures.
what is motor control model?
acquisition of speech results from early oral-sensory movements to more controlled articulatory movements
what model is important for apraxia patients?
motor control model because they don’t have difficulty constructing CV word structures and have vowel distortions.
what is feedback model?
acquisition of speech requires continuous feedback to maintain speech production.
i.e. reinforcement
what is connectionist model?
speech production involves multiple information processing units that form interconnected and close-knit networks
What is phonology?
study of how sounds are organized & used within a language system
What is phoneme?
group of sounds rather than a single sound; production varies slightly in different position in words but does not change meaning (e.g., alveolar vs. dental contact)
What is a morpheme?
smallest unit of language that carries meaning
What is a free morpheme?
whole word & can stand alone
What is a bound morpheme?
prefix/suffix; attached to word to change word meaning
what are minimum pairs?
similar morphemes except for one phoneme (e.g., cat vs. bat)
what is an allophone?
alternate form of the same phoneme; does not change the meaning of word
What are allographs?
different orthographic representation of sounds (e.g., “f” = f, ff, ph, gh)
what is co-articulation?
influence sounds have on one another (within words, phrases, & sentences) i.e. /t/, then say cat. /a/ now has influence on how we produce /t/ as opposed to when /t/ was produced by itself.
what is broad transcription?
a general transcription used with slashes /
i.e. if a SLP is writing a report and is trying to transfer the info to another SLP then broad transcriptions will most likely be used on the sounds they are working on
what is narrow transcription?
a more specific transcription of how that particular client is producing that sound and it is differentiated by brackets [ ] and diacritical markers
what are the benefits to transcription?
- Allows for CONSISTENT recordings of speech sound productions
- Important for studying languages (when learning a language)
- Highlights patterns of productions
- Differentiate between normal vs. disordered speech
how many consonants are there?
25
how many vowels are there?
14
how can you tell the difference between consonants and vowels?
- consonants are produced by partial/complete “constriction” of the vocal tract
- Vowels are produced with a relatively “open” vocal tract
What are monopthongs considered to be?
pure vowels (one sound)
what are diphthongs considered to be?
two simple vowels (quick gliding from articulatory position to the next)
how are consonants and vowels described?
Manner of production
Place of articulation
Voicing
what is manner of production?
how a sound is produced
what is place of articulation?
where sound is produced
what is voicing?
whether or not the vocal folds are vibrating
Are vowels voiced or unvoiced?
voiced
What do you look for when a client is producing pure vowels?
- Tongue height (high, mid, low) & tongue advancement (front, central, back)
- Lip rounding (rounded vs. unrounded)
- Tenseness features (tense vs. lax)
Add Van Vleet’s vowel quad
.
what is phonological awareness?
Children may not have sufficient ability to fully co-ordinate the movement of their vocal apparatus. As a consequence, certain sounds, sound combinations or transitions from one sound to another may be currently too difficult. The child may, therefore, simplify the production of complex words.
Van Vleet’s slide:
- they are normal simplifications of adult sound production
- Affects entire sound classes
- Describes patterned changes or substitutions of the adult model
what are some substitutions made for phonological processess?
- Stopping
- Deaffrication- i.e. dudge instead of judge
- Velar fronting- i.e. cat becomes tat
- Depalatalization—alveolar for a palatal fricative
[wats] for “wash”; [tɛk] for “check” - Backing- i.e. gog for dog
- Liquid gliding- wowwy pop for lollipop
- Vocalization—vowel for syllabic liquid
[sImpo] for “simple”
What are the syllable structure processes?
- Unstressed syllable deletion
[medo] for “tomato”; [tɛfon] for “telephone” - Reduplication
[baba] for “bottle” (total) vs. [bada] for “bottle” - Diminutization—addition of /i/
[kʌpi] for “cup”; [dali] for “doll” - Epenthesis–addition of unstressed vowel /ə/
[səpun] for “spoon”; [kupə] for “cup” - Final Consonant Deletion
[bu] for “books”; [da] for “dog” - Initial Consonant Deletion
[om] for “home”; [u] for “shoe” - Cluster Reduction—deletion/substitution of a cluster or blend
[bu] for “blue”; [tɔp] for “stop”
what are the different phonological processess?
- substitution
- syllable structure
- assimilation
what is assimilation processes and how many different kinds are there and what are they?
One sound becomes more like another sound
Labial: non-labial consonant becomes a labial
[bub] for “book”; [mɑb] for “moss”
Velar: non-velar sound becomes velar
[kʌɡ] for “cup”; [gog] for “goat”
Nasal: non-nasal sound becomes nasal
[mɑm] for “mop”; [non] for “nose”
Alveolar: non-alveolar becomes alveolar
[tɑt] for “toss”; [dɑd] for “door”
Prevocalic voicing: voiceless sound before vowel becomes voiced [dɛn] for “ten”; [bai] for “pie”
