1/30- Articulation vs. Phonology PPT

Question 1

What is speech production?

Answer 1

Voluntary and complex

Question 2

What is acquired naturally without formal instruction?

Answer 2

speech production

Question 3

What is a theory?

Answer 3

it explains a natural phenomena that allow us to predict future occurrence & test through experimentation and observation

Question 4

What is model?

Answer 4

representation & interpretation of the theory (on a smaller scale) that guides clinical work

Question 5

What is current perspective on speech production based on?

Answer 5

Theory and Model

Question 6

What mechanisms does speech production integrate?

Answer 6

anatomical & neurological mechanisms

Question 7

What is the articulatory model?

Answer 7

articulatory movements and capabilities are the contributing factors to the development of speech sounds

Question 8

what is the vocal tract model?

Answer 8

speech development is predicated partly on the growth and anatomic restructuring of the vocal tract

Question 9

What is evidence based practice (EBT)?

Answer 9

Your intervention has gone through vigorous research and has show long term and positive result and can be applied to different populations, age groups, and cultures.

Question 10

what is motor control model?

Answer 10

acquisition of speech results from early oral-sensory movements to more controlled articulatory movements

Question 11

what model is important for apraxia patients?

Answer 11

motor control model because they don’t have difficulty constructing CV word structures and have vowel distortions.

Question 12

what is feedback model?

Answer 12

acquisition of speech requires continuous feedback to maintain speech production.
i.e. reinforcement

Question 13

what is connectionist model?

Answer 13

speech production involves multiple information processing units that form interconnected and close-knit networks

Question 14

What is phonology?

Answer 14

study of how sounds are organized & used within a language system

Question 15

What is phoneme?

Answer 15

group of sounds rather than a single sound; production varies slightly in different position in words but does not change meaning (e.g., alveolar vs. dental contact)

Question 16

What is a morpheme?

Answer 16

smallest unit of language that carries meaning

Question 17

What is a free morpheme?

Answer 17

whole word & can stand alone

Question 18

What is a bound morpheme?

Answer 18

prefix/suffix; attached to word to change word meaning

Question 19

what are minimum pairs?

Answer 19

similar morphemes except for one phoneme (e.g., cat vs. bat)

Question 20

what is an allophone?

Answer 20

alternate form of the same phoneme; does not change the meaning of word

Question 21

What are allographs?

Answer 21

different orthographic representation of sounds (e.g., “f” = f, ff, ph, gh)

Question 22

what is co-articulation?

Answer 22

influence sounds have on one another (within words, phrases, & sentences) i.e. /t/, then say cat. /a/ now has influence on how we produce /t/ as opposed to when /t/ was produced by itself.

Question 23

what is broad transcription?

Answer 23

a general transcription used with slashes /
i.e. if a SLP is writing a report and is trying to transfer the info to another SLP then broad transcriptions will most likely be used on the sounds they are working on

Question 24

what is narrow transcription?

Answer 24

a more specific transcription of how that particular client is producing that sound and it is differentiated by brackets [ ] and diacritical markers

Question 25

what are the benefits to transcription?

Answer 25

• Allows for CONSISTENT recordings of speech sound productions
• Important for studying languages (when learning a language)
• Highlights patterns of productions
• Differentiate between normal vs. disordered speech

Question 26

how many consonants are there?

Answer 26

25

Question 27

how many vowels are there?

Answer 27

14

Question 28

how can you tell the difference between consonants and vowels?

Answer 28

• consonants are produced by partial/complete “constriction” of the vocal tract
• Vowels are produced with a relatively “open” vocal tract

Question 29

What are monopthongs considered to be?

Answer 29

pure vowels (one sound)

Question 30

what are diphthongs considered to be?

Answer 30

two simple vowels (quick gliding from articulatory position to the next)

Question 31

how are consonants and vowels described?

Answer 31

Manner of production
Place of articulation
Voicing

Question 32

what is manner of production?

Answer 32

how a sound is produced

Question 33

what is place of articulation?

Answer 33

where sound is produced

Question 34

what is voicing?

Answer 34

whether or not the vocal folds are vibrating

Question 35

Are vowels voiced or unvoiced?

Answer 35

voiced

Question 36

What do you look for when a client is producing pure vowels?

Answer 36

• Tongue height (high, mid, low) & tongue advancement (front, central, back)
• Lip rounding (rounded vs. unrounded)
• Tenseness features (tense vs. lax)

Question 37

Add Van Vleet’s vowel quad

Answer 37

.

Question 38

what is phonological awareness?

Answer 38

Children may not have sufficient ability to fully co-ordinate the movement of their vocal apparatus. As a consequence, certain sounds, sound combinations or transitions from one sound to another may be currently too difficult. The child may, therefore, simplify the production of complex words.

Van Vleet’s slide:

• they are normal simplifications of adult sound production
• Affects entire sound classes
• Describes patterned changes or substitutions of the adult model

Question 39

what are some substitutions made for phonological processess?

Answer 39

• Stopping
• Deaffrication- i.e. dudge instead of judge
• Velar fronting- i.e. cat becomes tat
• Depalatalization—alveolar for a palatal fricative
  [wats] for “wash”; [tɛk] for “check”
• Backing- i.e. gog for dog
• Liquid gliding- wowwy pop for lollipop
• Vocalization—vowel for syllabic liquid
  [sImpo] for “simple”

Question 40

What are the syllable structure processes?

Answer 40

• Unstressed syllable deletion
  [medo] for “tomato”; [tɛfon] for “telephone”
• Reduplication
  [baba] for “bottle” (total) vs. [bada] for “bottle”
• Diminutization—addition of /i/
  [kʌpi] for “cup”; [dali] for “doll”
• Epenthesis–addition of unstressed vowel /ə/
  [səpun] for “spoon”; [kupə] for “cup”
• Final Consonant Deletion
  [bu] for “books”; [da] for “dog”
• Initial Consonant Deletion
  [om] for “home”; [u] for “shoe”
• Cluster Reduction—deletion/substitution of a cluster or blend
  [bu] for “blue”; [tɔp] for “stop”

Question 41

what are the different phonological processess?

Answer 41

• substitution
• syllable structure
• assimilation

Question 42

what is assimilation processes and how many different kinds are there and what are they?

Answer 42

One sound becomes more like another sound
Labial: non-labial consonant becomes a labial
[bub] for “book”; [mɑb] for “moss”
Velar: non-velar sound becomes velar
[kʌɡ] for “cup”; [gog] for “goat”
Nasal: non-nasal sound becomes nasal
[mɑm] for “mop”; [non] for “nose”
Alveolar: non-alveolar becomes alveolar
[tɑt] for “toss”; [dɑd] for “door”
Prevocalic voicing: voiceless sound before vowel becomes voiced [dɛn] for “ten”; [bai] for “pie”