2/13- Phonological Processes PPT Flashcards
IC- thru 27
What are the 3 types of phonological processes?
- Syllable structure simplification
- Substitution
- Assimilation
What is Syllable structure simplification?
Commonly reduces complexity of syllable structure of words
What is substitution?
one sound class replaces another
What is assimilation?
sounds take on qualities of those surrounding it
Which phonological processes fall under syllable structure simplification?
- unstressed syllable deletion or weak syllable deletion
- reduplication
- initial consonant deletion
- final consonant deletion
- epenthesis
- cluster reduction
What is unstressed syllable deletion or weak syllable deletion?
- weak/unstressed syllable omitted
[meto] for “tomato”
[ɛfənt] for “elephant”
What is reduplication?
- doubling of syllable
[bɑbɑ] for “bottle”
[mɑmɑ] for “mommy”
What is initial consonant deletion?
- Omission of first consonant in a word
[æt] for “bat”
[ɑg] for “dog”
What is a final consonant deletion?
- Omission of final consonant in a word.
[haʊ] for “house”
[mæ] for “match”
What is epenthesis?
- Adding an “unstressed” vowel (e.g., schwa)
[bəlu] for “blue”
[səpun] for “spoon”
what is cluster reduction?
- deletion/reduction of a cluster/blend (2 consonants together) partial vs. total
Partial: [tɔp] for “stop”; [dar] for “dark
Total: [æɡ] for “flag”; [pa] for “palm”, [da] for “dark”
Which phonological processes fall under substitution processes?
- Stopping
- deaffrication
- fronting
- backing
- depalatalization
- gliding
- vocalization
What is stopping?
- Stop for a fricative
[tup] for “soup”; [pʌn] for “sun”; [maʊt] for “mouse”
What is deaffrication?
- Stop or fricative for an affricate
[tɛr] for “chair”; [mæt] for “match”
what is fronting?
- Front for back or velar sound
[tæt] for “cat”; [bɪd] for “big”
What is backing?
- Velar for alveolar
[ɡɪɡ] for “dig”; [baɪk] for “bite”
What is depalatalization?
- Alveolar for palatal
- It no longer becomes a palatal sound
[tɛk] for “check”; [dun] for “June”; [mæts] for “match”
What is gliding?
- Glides /l, r/ for Liquids /w, j/
[wɪŋ] for “ring”; [jek] for “lake”
What is vocalization?
- Vowel for a syllablic liquid
- Syllablic liquid = /l, r/ takes on characteristic of syllable
[sɪmpo] for “simple”; [pepo] for “paper”
what are the assimilation processes?
- labial
- velar
- nasal
- alveolar
- prevocalic voicing
- postvocalic devoicing
what is labial? give an example
- bilabial for non-labial
- [bæb] for /bæd/; [pɛb] for /pɛn/
what is velar? give an example
- velar for nonvelar
- [kɔg] for /kɔp/
- [kɪk] for /kɪt/
- [gok] for /got/
what is nasal? give an example
- nasal for non-nasal
- [mæm] for /mæp/
- [nɑŋ] for /lɑŋ/
- [non] for /noz/
what is an alveolar? give an example
- alveolar for non-alveolar
- [tɑt] for /tɑp/
- [sut] for /sup/
- [lɛd] for /lɛg/
what is prevocalic voicing? give an example
- voiceless sound BEFORE vowel becomes voiced
- [dɛn] for /tɛn/
- [bap] for /pɑp/
- [zut] for /sut/
what is postvocalic devoicing?
- voiced sound AFTER vowel becomes unvoiced
- [pɪk] for /pɪg/
- [b^s] for /b^z]
- [sæt] for /sæg/
What is the definition of phonological processes?
Simplifications of the adult forms of words
At what age should phonological processes disappear?
Around age 5
What is an articulation disorder?
- Mild to moderate sound distortions
- Does not affect meaning of words
- Speech intelligibility preserved
- Errors based on physical properties of sound production (imprecise movement and placement of articulators)
When is an articulation disorder diagnosed?
WHEN errors persist beyond expected age range
What is a phonological disorder?
- Patterned sound production or sound class errors
- Affects meaning of words
- Can affect intelligibility depending on # of class sound errors
When is an phonological disorder diagnosed?
v WHEN phonological process errors persist beyond expected age range (typically age five)
What is the definition of phonological processes?
Simplifications of the adult forms of words
At what age should phonological processes disappear?
Around age 5
What is an articulation disorder?
- Mild to moderate sound distortions
- Does not affect meaning of words
- Speech intelligibility preserved
- Errors based on physical properties of sound production (imprecise movement and placement of articulators)
When is an articulation disorder diagnosed?
WHEN errors persist beyond expected age range
What is a phonological disorder?
- Patterned sound production or sound class errors
- Affects meaning of words
- Can affect intelligibility depending on # of class sound errors
When is an phonological disorder diagnosed?
WHEN phonological process errors persist beyond expected age range (typically age five)
