Studietaak 5: Constructivisme

Question 1

Aannames constructivisme (3)

Answer 1

Situated cognition: interaction of persons and situations
Active learners, develop knowledge
Teachers create situations so that learners become actively involved

Question 2

Exogenous constructivism

Answer 2

Construction matches reality
Knowledge is accurate to the extent that his reflects reality

Vs. endogenous en dialectical

Question 3

Endogenous constructivism

Answer 3

Mental structures complete self-construction
Knowledge not a mirror of external world

Vs. Exogenous en dialectical

Question 4

Dialectical constructivism

Answer 4

Knowledge socially mediated

Vs. exogenous en endogenous

Question 5

Equilibration

Answer 5

Drive to produce optimal state of adaptation between cognitive structures and environment

Piaget. Door assimilation en accomodation

Question 6

Assimilation

Answer 6

Fitting external reality to cognitive structures

Piaget. Vs accomodation. Onderdeel van equilibration

Question 7

Accomodation

Answer 7

Changing internal structures to make them consistent with external reality

Piaget. Vs assimilation. Onderdeel van equilibration

Question 8

Disequilibrium

Answer 8

Cognitive conflict: machanism of learning.
Beliefs do not match reality.

Piaget

Question 9

Piaget: stages (4)

Answer 9

Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete operational
Formal operational

Question 10

Stages: sensorimotor

Answer 10

Nr. 1
Understanding is rooted in present action

Piaget

Question 11

Stages: preoperational (3)

Answer 11

Nr. 2
Language to explore and understand their worlds.
Thinking intuitive and not yet logical.
Irreversibility

Piaget

Question 12

Stages: concrete operational (2)

Answer 12

Nr. 3
Logical thinking about concrete situations
Reversibility

Piaget

Question 13

Stages: formal operational (2)

Answer 13

Nr. 4
Think about hypothetical situations
Abstract and logical reasoning

Piaget

Question 14

Assumptions neo-Piagetians (4)

Answer 14

1. Cognitive development depends on brain development
2. Capabilities develop within specific domains (asynchroon)
3. Strategies and concepts relate to content areas (aanpak verschilt)
4. Teaching and instruction affect cognitive development

Question 15

Bruner: knowledge representation

3 modes

Answer 15

1. Enactive
2. Iconic
3. Symbolic

Question 16

Enactive knowledge representation

Bruner

Answer 16

Motor responses; ways to manipulate objects

Vs. iconic en symbolic

Question 17

Iconic knowledge representation

Bruner

Answer 17

Action-free mental images
Objects not physically present

Vs. enactive en symbolic

Question 18

Symbolic knowledge representation

Bruner

Answer 18

Symbol systems (remote, arbitrary)
Abstraction

Vs. iconic en enactive

Question 19

Spiral curriculum

Answer 19

Differentiate content to match cognitive abilities
Content revisited in increasing complexity
Reconstructie na ontwikkeling

Bruner

Question 20

Key points Vygotsky (5)

Answer 20

1. Social interaction; knowledge is co-constructed
2. Self-regulation through internalisation of social interactions
3. Development through transmission of tools
4. Language the most critical tool
5. ZPD

Table 8.5 (332)

Question 21

Constructivist Learning
Environments (5)

Kenmerken

Answer 21

1. Pose problems of emerging relevance
2. Structure learning around primary concepts (holistic teaching)
3. Seek students’ points of view
4. Adapt curriculum to address students’ suppositions
5. Asses in context of teaching

Question 22

Irreversibility

Answer 22

Mentally reverse actions or operations
Pre-operational

Piaget. Voorbeeld: glas met water