Studietaak 3: Behaviorisme

Question 1

Behaviorism

1. Epistemologie
2. Psychologische stroming

Answer 1

1. Empiricism
2. Structuralism

Question 2

Classical Conditioning

Mechanisme

Answer 2

UCS –> UCR
UCS + CS –> UCR
CS –> CR

Question 3

Extinction

Answer 3

Repeated non-reinforcement leidt tot uitdoven CR

Question 3

Discrimination

In classical conditioning en operant conditioning

Answer 3

Classical: distinguish between a conditioned stimulus (CS) that is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US) and other similar stimuli that are not paired with the US. The organism learns to respond only to the specific CS that predicts the US, showing a conditioned response (CR) only when the CS is presented.
Recognizing and responding differently to stimuli based on their association with an unconditioned response.

Operant: learning to respond differently to stimuli that signal whether a behavior will be reinforced or not.
Recognizing cues that indicate whether a particular response will lead to a positive outcome, negative outcome, or no outcome at all.

Question 4

Operant Conditioning

Mechanisme

Answer 4

S(D) –> R –> S(R)
Discriminative stimulus
Response = operant behavior
Reinforcing stimulus

ABC

Question 5

Premack Principle

Answer 5

The opportunity to engage in a more valued activity reinforces engaging in a less valued activity.

Value = Amount of time spent on activity in absence of reinforcement.

Question 6

Schedules of reinforcement (4)

Operant conditioning

Answer 6

1. fixed interval - specific time period
2. variable interval
3. fixed ratio - elke zoveelste response
4. variable ratio

Question 7

Manieren van reinforcement (4)

Operant Conditioning

Answer 7

Positive reinforcement: present positive
Negative reinforcement: remove negative
Punishment: present negative
Punishment: remove positive