Studietaak 2 Flashcards
Leertheorieën, leren en kennisopvattingen
Definitie ‘learning’ (3)
An enduring change in behaviour or in the capacity to behave in a given fashion, which results from practice or other experiences.
- Change in behaviour
- Enduring
- Experience
Rationalism (3)
Categorie
Beschrijving
Methode
Epistemologie: wat is kennis?
Knowledge derives from mind/reason without recourse to the senses
Plato; Descartes. Dualism.
Kant
Innate, reflection.
Learner’s perception of learning environments
Cognitive theories
Qualitative research
Empiricism (2)
Categorie
Beschrijving
Epistemologie: wat is kennis?
Experience is only source of knowledge. No innate knowledge
Aristotle
No sharp distinction mind/matter
Association: recall triggers other recall
Later: Gestalt
Environmental variables
Behaviorism
Quantitative
Structuralism (4)
Categorie
Beschrijving
Corresponderende stroming
Methode
Psychology: wat is mind?
Structure and makeup of mental processes
Empiricism
Wundt en Titchener
Associationism
Mind is made up of associations that must be broken down in order to study
Introspection following exposure. Het gaat om de exposure, de externe factoren. Daarom dus empiricism.
Functionalism
Categorie
Beschrijving
Corresponderende stroming
Psychology: wat is mind?
Mental processes help to adapt to environment
Rationalism
Ideas are products of abstract thought
Consciousness is continuous. Viewed holistically. Geen dualism. Daarom opposed to introspection.
Hoe ZIT het nou toch?! Introspection gaat om reacties op buitenwereld, maar deze lui kijken vooral naar hoe abstract thought ideeën genereren. Hoe dit in vredesnaam samenhangt met aanpassen aan environment is mij duister.
Definitie ‘theorie’
Scientifically acceptable set of principles offered to explain a phenomenon (11)
Frameworks that help us make sense of environmental events
Operational definition
Defines a phenomenon in terms of the measures and procedures used to assess it.
Correlational research
Relations between variables
No cause and effect
Experimental research
Independent and dependent variables - dus causaliteit
Quantitative
Qualitative research
Rationalist
Exploration and understanding central phenomenon
Depth and quality
Interpretation
Holistic
…
Assessment forms (5)
Observations
Written responses
Oral responses
Rating by others
Self reports
Assessment issues (3)
Reliability
Validity
Absence of bias
Hoe komen kennistheorieën terug in hedendaagse leertheorieën?
Twee kennistheorieën
Drie leertheorieën
Rationalism - Cognitive theories (information processing theory/constructivism)
Empiricism - Behaviorism (conditioning)
