Studietaak 2

Question 1

What did logical positivists propose meaningful statements to be in order to sort them from nonsense?

Answer 1

Definitions, or else verifiable empirical statements

Question 2

If one can specify the steps that would verify whether the statement was true

Answer 2

Verification criterion

Question 3

Defines the meaning of a concept in terms of the precise procedures used to determine its presence and quantity

Answer 3

Operational definition

Question 4

What two problems did the logical positivists had in determining whether a sentence was verifiable?

Answer 4

1. How to verify statements about specific individuals and their observable properties
2. Verifying generalisations

Question 5

How was the problem of how to verify statements about specific individuals and their observable properties meant to be solved?

Answer 5

By direct observations

Question 6

How was the problem of verifying generalisations meant to be solved?

Answer 6

By induction

Question 7

The process of drawing inferences such that if the premises are true the conclusion is guaranteed to be true

Answer 7

Deduction

Question 8

What was the core feature of Popper’s philopshy?

Answer 8

Fallibalism

Question 9

What is the distinction between the process of conceiving a new idea (the psychology of knowledge) and the process of examining it logically (the logic of knowledge) more commonly known as?

Answer 9

The distinction between the context of discovery and the context of justification

Question 10

What is Popper’s demarcation between science and metaphysics?

Answer 10

Falsifiability

Question 11

What are two criticism’s of Popper’s approach?

Answer 11

1. No theory is falsifiable at all
2. All theories are falsified anyway

Question 12

What the problem of scientific inference is called where it is unknown which component of the system to reject

Answer 12

Duhem-Quine problem

Question 13

Converging evidence with different background assumptions

Answer 13

Consilience