Studies

Question 1

cross-sectional studies

Answer 1

involves looking at people who differ on one key characteristic (e.g: age) at one specific point in time

Ps separated into groups known as cohorts

Question 2

strengths of cross-sectional studies

Answer 2

+ quick to produce data

+ no problem with sample attrition as research is a ‘snapshot’

+ Ps only do research once- less likely to display demand characteristics

+ Ps may be more willing to take part if research is quick

Question 3

weaknesses of cross-sectional studies

Answer 3

• different people are in different groups- any difference detected may be due to variables other than age
• cohort variables may exist e.g: Ps born in certain time period may share historical experiences
• recall bias can occur if study asks Ps about experiences they had a long time ago

Question 4

strengths of longitudinal studies

Answer 4

+ control for ‘P variables’ as same person is tested on number of occasions and compared

+ cohort variables aren’t a problem

+ reduces recall bias- Ps being researched as their life occurs rather than thinking back

+ helps us understand order events may occur

Question 5

weaknesses of longitudinal studies

Answer 5

• can take years to produce useful data
• sample attrition occurs when people move, die or decide they don’t want to participate
• Ps may be less willing to take part if research is going to be conducted over a long time
• more likely to become aware of research hypothesis- demand characteristics