Sampling

Question 1

strengths of random sampling

Answer 1

+ researcher can’t be accused of being biased in their selection of Ps

Question 2

weaknesses of random sampling

Answer 2

• sample could be unrepresentative

Question 3

strengths of opportunity sample

Answer 3

+ less time consuming than other sampling methods to locate Ps

Question 4

weaknesses of opportunity sample

Answer 4

• sample likely to be biased

Question 5

strengths of systematic sampling

Answer 5

+ if initial P is selected randomly then selection of Ps is unbiased

Question 6

weaknesses of systematic sampling

Answer 6

• sample could be unrepresentative

Question 7

strengths of stratified sampling

Answer 7

+ sample will be representative of all relevant subgroups

Question 8

weaknesses of stratified sampling

Answer 8

• Ps randomly selected from each subgroup may not be representative of that subgroup

Question 9

strengths of quota sampling

Answer 9

+ representative of all relevant subgroups

Question 10

weaknesses of quota sampling

Answer 10

• researcher bias

Question 11

strengths of self-selected sampling

Answer 11

+ the Ps are willing to take part in research

Question 12

weaknesses of self-selected sampling

Answer 12

• Ps likely to be highly motivated- unrepresentative

Question 13

strengths of snowball sampling

Answer 13

+ helpful when selecting Ps with unique/rare characteristics

Question 14

weaknesses of snowball sampling

Answer 14

• initial Ps may not be able to recruit enough Ps

Question 15

event sampling

Answer 15

observer records number of times a behaviour/event occurs

Question 16

strengths of event sampling

Answer 16

+ all behaviours/events that occur are recorded

Question 17

weaknesses of event sampling

Answer 17

• we don’t know if there’s a change in behaviours/events that occur over time
• may get overwhelmed with data

Question 18

time interval

Answer 18

observer records number of times a behaviour/event occurs in specified intervals of time

Question 19

strengths of time interval

Answer 19

+ allows to see if there’s a change in behaviours/events that occur over time

Question 20

weaknesses of time interval

Answer 20

• may get overwhelmed with data

Question 21

time point

Answer 21

observer records the behaviour/event that’s occurring at specific point in time

Question 22

strengths of time point

Answer 22

+ allows to see if there’s a change in behaviours/events that occur over time

+ won’t get overwhelmed with data

Question 23

weaknesses of time point

Answer 23

• if behaviours/events don’t occur at the specified point in time- they won’t be recorded

Question 24

repeated measures

Answer 24

same Ps in both conditions

Question 25

strengths of repeated measures

Answer 25

+ there’s no chance of intergroup differences as all Ps take part in all conditions

+ needs fewer Ps than IG or MP

Question 26

weaknesses of repeated measures

Answer 26

• more chance of demand characteristics- Ps taking part in both conditions
• order effects may occur e.g: practice and fatigue

Question 27

independent groups

Answer 27

different Ps in both conditions

Question 28

strengths of independent groups

Answer 28

+ no order effects- Ps only take part in 1 condition

+ less chance of demand characteristics- Ps only take part in 1 condition

Question 29

weaknesses of independent groups

Answer 29

• may be unknown intergroup differences that are responsible for any difference in DV
• needs 2x as many Ps as a RM design

Question 30

matched pairs

Answer 30

similar Ps in both conditions- Ps matched up into pairs and randomly allocated to a condition

Question 31

strengths of matched pairs

Answer 31

+ no order effects- Ps only take part in 1 condition

+ less chance of demand characteristics- Ps only take part in 1 condition

Question 32

weaknesses of matched pairs

Answer 32

• needs 2x as many Ps as RM design

- uncontrolled intergroup differences that’s responsible for any differences in DV