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Student Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Activated charcoal- presentation

A

50g in 250ml bottle

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2
Q

Activated charcoal- indications

A

Ingested toxins/oral drug overdose under an hour ago/ irrespective of time if toxbase allows use

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3
Q

Activated charcoal- contraindications

A

Under 1
Unable to swallow/ unconscious
Vomiting patients
Patients with reduced gastrointestinal intestinal mobility
Recent abdominal surgery
Ethanol/cyanide/corrosive poisoning

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4
Q

Activated charcoal-
Side effects

A

Black stools, intestinal obstruction

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5
Q

Activated charcoal- dosage

A

50g in 250ml, drink all
Encourage children to drink half, but they drink full amount in extreme circumstances
No repeat dose

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6
Q

Aspirin- indications

A

ECG evidence of MI/ ischaemia/ suspected TIA
Analgesia for cardiac chest pain (antiplatelet/ vasodilator)

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7
Q

Aspirin- contraindications

A

Allergy
Children under 16
GI Bleed
Haemophilia/ clotting disorders
Hepatic failure

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8
Q

Aspirin- side effects

A

Risk of GI bleed
Wheezing in asthmatics

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9
Q

Aspirin- dosage

A

300mg chewable tablet
No repeat dose

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10
Q

Nitrous oxide- indications

A

Analgesia- moderate/severe pain, labour pain

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11
Q

Nitrous oxide- contraindications

A

Head injury/ chest injury eg tension pneumothorax
Abdo pain- intestinal obstruction
Decompression sickness (diving in last 24 hours)
Disturbed psychiatric patients
Intraocular injection in last 8 weeks

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12
Q

Nitrous oxide- dosage

A

Self administer via face mask/ mouthpiece, 3-5 mins to be effective
50% oxygen 50% nitrous oxide (entonox)

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13
Q

Oxygen- indications

A

COPD
Sats below normal range (94-100%)
Hypoxia
Critical illnesses requiring high levels of supplemental oxygen eg cardiac arrest/ anaphylaxis

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14
Q

Oxygen- contraindications

A

Explosive environment

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15
Q

Oxygen- side effects

A

Mouth dryness, hypoxic drive in COPD patients

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16
Q

Oxygen- dosage

A

Measure Sp02 levels, administer oxygen until a reliable Sp02 reading is obtained
All children with significant illness/injury should have high levels of supplementary oxygen

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17
Q

Chlorphenamine- indications

A

Relieve uncomfortable symptoms of anaphylaxis/allergic reactions/ antihistamine

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18
Q

Chlorphenamine- contraindications

A

Known hypersensitivity

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19
Q

Chlorphenamine - side effects

A

Sedation, headache, blurred vision, urinary retention

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20
Q

Chlorphenamine- cautions

A

Glaucoma, pregnancy/ breastfeeding, hypotension, epilepsy, severe liver disease

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21
Q

Chlorphenamine- dosage

A

4mg tablet/ 2mg in 5ml solution IM
No repeat dose

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22
Q

Glyceryl trinitate (GTN)- indications

A

Cardiac chest pain caused by angina/MI/ischaemia
Vasodilator

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23
Q

GTN- contraindications

A

Hypotension, hypervolaemia, head trauma, cerebral hamehorrage, viagra, unconscious patients, aortic/mitral stenosis

24
Q

GTN- side effects

A

Headache, dizziness, hypotension

25
GTN- dosage
400 micrograms per spray, repeat dose of 400 in 5-10 min intervals, can do 2 sprays, no max dose Spray under tongue, close mouth
26
Paracetamol- indications
Mild/ moderate pain, analgesia, high temp (apyretic)
27
Paracetamol- contraindications
Allergy, already taken paracetamol containing products eg cocodamol/ had max dose of paracetamol
28
Paracetamol- dosage
Each tablet is 500mg, max of 4g a day 1-2 tablets if over 50kg/ 16+ every 4/6 hours, max 8 tablets a day (4g) Under 16/50kg= a tablet and a half (500/750mg)
29
Salbutamol- indications
Bronchodilator Mild/ moderate asthma, asthma attack, wheezing caused by allergy/anaphylaxis/smoke inhalation Exacerbation of COPD
30
Salbutamol- contraindications
None
31
Salbutamol- cautions
COPD- nebuliser with 02 limit of 6 mins max
32
Salbutamol- side effects
Shaking, tachycardia, palpitations, headache, rash, muscle cramps, vasodilation
33
Salbutamol- dosage
5mg every 5 mins, nebulised with 6-8 litres per min of 02, no limit
34
Ipratropium bromide- indications
Bronchodilator Life threatening severe asthma, anaphylaxis, asthma attack Used if salbutamol is unresponsive/ ineffective at relieving symptoms eg wheeze/ exacerbation of COPD
35
Ipratropium bromide- contraindications
None
36
Ipratropium bromide- cautions
COPD- limit of 6 mins with 02, pregnancy, glaucoma
37
Ipratropium bromide- side effects
Nausea, dry mouth, allergy, tachycardia, tight chest
38
Ipratropium bromide- dosage
Used with 6-8L of 02 per min Under 11= 250 micrograms Over 11= 500 micrograms No repeat dose
39
Glucose 40% gel- indications
Hypoglycaemia in conscious patients
40
Glucose 40% gel- contraindications
None
41
Glucose 40% gel- dosage
Plastic tube containing 25g glucose Gel squeezed between teeth and gums, measure BM after each dose Under 12- 10g Over 12- 10-20g Repeat dose of 10g every 15 mins 10g in 25g gel No max dose No clinical improvement= consider IM glucagon/ 10% IV glucose
42
Hydrocortisone- indications
Glucocorticoid- restores Bp, blood sugar, cardiac synchronicity, shock Severe/ life threatening asthma, anaphylaxis, renal failure, adrenal crisis, exacerbation of COPD, addisons disease
43
Hydrocortisone- contraindications
Allergy
44
Hydrocortisone- side effects
Stinging/ burning sensation
45
Hydrocortisone- dosage
1ml solution for IM injection/ 100mg No toxic dose No repeat dose
46
Glucagon- indications
Hypoglycaemia Administered when oral glucose administration is ineffective/ not possible
47
Glucagon- indications
Hypoglycaemia Administered when oral glucose administration is ineffective/ not possible
48
Glycogen- contraindications
Low glycogen stores eg starvation/ recent use of glucagon IV glucose is preferred intervention for hypoglycaemic seizures
49
Glucagon- side effects
Nausea/ vomiting, Abdo pain, hypokalaemia, hypotension, diarrhoea
50
Glucagon- dosage
IM injection 1mg per vial No repeat dose Takes up to 15 mins to work Check BM 10-15 mins after administration Doesn’t work= IV glucose
51
Adrenaline- indications
Anaphylaxis/ life threatening asthma that hasn’t improved via nebuliser therapy Bronchodilator/ vasodilator
52
Adrenaline- dosage
1mg in 1ml (1 in 1000) Pre filled syringe/ ampoule Insert in thigh Over 12- 500 micrograms (half) Under 12- 300 micrograms Repeat dose of 500 micrograms every 5 mins No max dose
53
Naloxone hydrochloride- indications
Reversal of respiratory depression effects of opioid drugs Reversal of opioid toxicity/ in cardiac arrest where opioid toxicity is a likely cause Restore adequate respirations
54
Naloxone hydrochloride- contraindications
Neonates born to opioid addicted mothers (withdrawal effects)
55
Naloxone hydrochloride- side effects
Withdrawal symptoms for opioid addicts, vomiting
56
Naloxone hydrochloride- dosage
IM 400 micrograms per 1ml ampoule Repeat dose of 400 micrograms every 3 mins, max dose 4000 micrograms (10 ampoules) Vary site of injection for repeated doses

Paramedic Science (9 decks)

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