Student Drugs Flashcards
Activated charcoal- presentation
50g in 250ml bottle
Activated charcoal- indications
Ingested toxins/oral drug overdose under an hour ago/ irrespective of time if toxbase allows use
Activated charcoal- contraindications
Under 1
Unable to swallow/ unconscious
Vomiting patients
Patients with reduced gastrointestinal intestinal mobility
Recent abdominal surgery
Ethanol/cyanide/corrosive poisoning
Activated charcoal-
Side effects
Black stools, intestinal obstruction
Activated charcoal- dosage
50g in 250ml, drink all
Encourage children to drink half, but they drink full amount in extreme circumstances
No repeat dose
Aspirin- indications
ECG evidence of MI/ ischaemia/ suspected TIA
Analgesia for cardiac chest pain (antiplatelet/ vasodilator)
Aspirin- contraindications
Allergy
Children under 16
GI Bleed
Haemophilia/ clotting disorders
Hepatic failure
Aspirin- side effects
Risk of GI bleed
Wheezing in asthmatics
Aspirin- dosage
300mg chewable tablet
No repeat dose
Nitrous oxide- indications
Analgesia- moderate/severe pain, labour pain
Nitrous oxide- contraindications
Head injury/ chest injury eg tension pneumothorax
Abdo pain- intestinal obstruction
Decompression sickness (diving in last 24 hours)
Disturbed psychiatric patients
Intraocular injection in last 8 weeks
Nitrous oxide- dosage
Self administer via face mask/ mouthpiece, 3-5 mins to be effective
50% oxygen 50% nitrous oxide (entonox)
Oxygen- indications
COPD
Sats below normal range (94-100%)
Hypoxia
Critical illnesses requiring high levels of supplemental oxygen eg cardiac arrest/ anaphylaxis
Oxygen- contraindications
Explosive environment
Oxygen- side effects
Mouth dryness, hypoxic drive in COPD patients
Oxygen- dosage
Measure Sp02 levels, administer oxygen until a reliable Sp02 reading is obtained
All children with significant illness/injury should have high levels of supplementary oxygen
Chlorphenamine- indications
Relieve uncomfortable symptoms of anaphylaxis/allergic reactions/ antihistamine
Chlorphenamine- contraindications
Known hypersensitivity
Chlorphenamine - side effects
Sedation, headache, blurred vision, urinary retention
Chlorphenamine- cautions
Glaucoma, pregnancy/ breastfeeding, hypotension, epilepsy, severe liver disease
Chlorphenamine- dosage
4mg tablet/ 2mg in 5ml solution IM
No repeat dose
Glyceryl trinitate (GTN)- indications
Cardiac chest pain caused by angina/MI/ischaemia
Vasodilator
GTN- contraindications
Hypotension, hypervolaemia, head trauma, cerebral hamehorrage, viagra, unconscious patients, aortic/mitral stenosis
GTN- side effects
Headache, dizziness, hypotension
GTN- dosage
400 micrograms per spray, repeat dose of 400 in 5-10 min intervals, can do 2 sprays, no max dose
Spray under tongue, close mouth
Paracetamol- indications
Mild/ moderate pain, analgesia, high temp (apyretic)
Paracetamol- contraindications
Allergy, already taken paracetamol containing products eg cocodamol/ had max dose of paracetamol
Paracetamol- dosage
Each tablet is 500mg, max of 4g a day
1-2 tablets if over 50kg/ 16+ every 4/6 hours, max 8 tablets a day (4g)
Under 16/50kg= a tablet and a half (500/750mg)
Salbutamol- indications
Bronchodilator
Mild/ moderate asthma, asthma attack, wheezing caused by allergy/anaphylaxis/smoke inhalation
Exacerbation of COPD
Salbutamol- contraindications
None
Salbutamol- cautions
COPD- nebuliser with 02 limit of 6 mins max
Salbutamol- side effects
Shaking, tachycardia, palpitations, headache, rash, muscle cramps, vasodilation
Salbutamol- dosage
5mg every 5 mins, nebulised with 6-8 litres per min of 02, no limit
Ipratropium bromide- indications
Bronchodilator
Life threatening severe asthma, anaphylaxis, asthma attack
Used if salbutamol is unresponsive/ ineffective at relieving symptoms eg wheeze/ exacerbation of COPD
Ipratropium bromide- contraindications
None
Ipratropium bromide- cautions
COPD- limit of 6 mins with 02, pregnancy, glaucoma
Ipratropium bromide- side effects
Nausea, dry mouth, allergy, tachycardia, tight chest
Ipratropium bromide- dosage
Used with 6-8L of 02 per min
Under 11= 250 micrograms
Over 11= 500 micrograms
No repeat dose
Glucose 40% gel- indications
Hypoglycaemia in conscious patients
Glucose 40% gel- contraindications
None
Glucose 40% gel- dosage
Plastic tube containing 25g glucose
Gel squeezed between teeth and gums, measure BM after each dose
Under 12- 10g
Over 12- 10-20g
Repeat dose of 10g every 15 mins
10g in 25g gel
No max dose
No clinical improvement= consider IM glucagon/ 10% IV glucose
Hydrocortisone- indications
Glucocorticoid- restores Bp, blood sugar, cardiac synchronicity, shock
Severe/ life threatening asthma, anaphylaxis, renal failure, adrenal crisis, exacerbation of COPD, addisons disease
Hydrocortisone- contraindications
Allergy
Hydrocortisone- side effects
Stinging/ burning sensation
Hydrocortisone- dosage
1ml solution for IM injection/ 100mg
No toxic dose
No repeat dose
Glucagon- indications
Hypoglycaemia
Administered when oral glucose administration is ineffective/ not possible
Glucagon- indications
Hypoglycaemia
Administered when oral glucose administration is ineffective/ not possible
Glycogen- contraindications
Low glycogen stores eg starvation/ recent use of glucagon
IV glucose is preferred intervention for hypoglycaemic seizures
Glucagon- side effects
Nausea/ vomiting, Abdo pain, hypokalaemia, hypotension, diarrhoea
Glucagon- dosage
IM injection
1mg per vial
No repeat dose
Takes up to 15 mins to work
Check BM 10-15 mins after administration
Doesn’t work= IV glucose
Adrenaline- indications
Anaphylaxis/ life threatening asthma that hasn’t improved via nebuliser therapy
Bronchodilator/ vasodilator
Adrenaline- dosage
1mg in 1ml (1 in 1000)
Pre filled syringe/ ampoule
Insert in thigh
Over 12- 500 micrograms (half)
Under 12- 300 micrograms
Repeat dose of 500 micrograms every 5 mins
No max dose
Naloxone hydrochloride- indications
Reversal of respiratory depression effects of opioid drugs
Reversal of opioid toxicity/ in cardiac arrest where opioid toxicity is a likely cause
Restore adequate respirations
Naloxone hydrochloride- contraindications
Neonates born to opioid addicted mothers (withdrawal effects)
Naloxone hydrochloride- side effects
Withdrawal symptoms for opioid addicts, vomiting
Naloxone hydrochloride- dosage
IM
400 micrograms per 1ml ampoule
Repeat dose of 400 micrograms every 3 mins, max dose 4000 micrograms (10 ampoules)
Vary site of injection for repeated doses
