Advanced Life Support Flashcards

1
Q

When adrenaline is indicated in cardiac arrest?

A

Non shockable rhythm- straight away (as soon as cannula/IO access gained)
Shockable- after 3rd shock from defib

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2
Q

Adrenaline dosage?

A

1mg in 10ml pre filled syringe
1 in 10,000

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3
Q

Action of adrenaline in cardiac arrest?

A

Vasodilator, increase systemic circulation of blood to counteract hypoxia
Bronchodilator

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4
Q

Repeat dose of adrenaline?

A

After 1st dose, every 3-5 mins (stop when ROSC achieved)
No max dose

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5
Q

ALS algorithm for adults

A

D-GO/CAT-AVPU-A-B-C
Start CPR
Attach pads, rhythm assessment, shock/no shock (every 5 rounds)
Ventilations 30:2
Airway adjunct (I-GEL)
Drugs - Adrenaline/ amiodarone
4 Hs and Ts
ROSC (Reassess ABCDE)- stabilise for 10 mins on scene
Extrication
Pre alert to nearest ED under emergency conditions

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6
Q

Paediatric ALS algorithm

A

1-18 year olds
D-GO/CAT- AVPU- A-B-C
Start CPR (5 rescue breaths, 15:2, one hand)
Different drug dosages/ joule shocks

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7
Q

Trauma ALS algorithm

A

Prioritise trauma first (HOTT approach- e.g control cat haem with tourniquet/TXA)
D-GO/CAT- AVPU- A-B-C
Continue with DRABC

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8
Q

HOTT reversible causes?

A

Hypovolaemia
Oxygen (hypoxia)
Temponade
Tension pneumothorax

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9
Q

Hypovolaemia treatment

A

Tourniquet to stop bleeding
TXA
Traction splints/ pelvic binder (control internal bleeding)
Fluid

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10
Q

Hypoxia treatment

A

15L 02 through trauma mask
Airway adjunct eg I-GEL
30:2 ventilations

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11
Q

Tension pneumothorax treatment

A

Needle decompression of chest

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12
Q

Cardiac tamponade treatment

A

Convey to hospital (can’t do anything else)

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13
Q

Airway stepwise approach?

A

Work way up airway ladder:
Head tilt chin lift/ jaw thrust (use of blanket under neck to maintain)- repositioning
OPA/ NPA
I-GEL
Intubation
Surgical airways

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14
Q

How to calculate joules to shock paeds?

A

4J/kg

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15
Q

Adrenaline in ALS contraindications

A

Patients with temperatures under 30 degrees Celsius (adrenaline lowers temp)

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16
Q

Amiodarone drug type?

A

Anti-arrhythmic

17
Q

When is amiodarone given?

A

After the 3rd shock and 5th shock
ONLY in shockable rhythms

18
Q

Action of amiodarone on the heart?

A

Prolongs conduction period of SA and AV nodes

19
Q

Doses of amiodarone?

A

300mg after 3rd shock (10ml- pre-filled syringe)
150mg after 5th shock (5ml- half a syringe)

20
Q

Dose interval of amiodarone in patients with temperatures below 35 degrees Celsius

A

Doubled
(Do not administer if temp below 30 degrees Celsius)

21
Q

Repeat dose of amiodarone?

A

NO MORE after 5th shock

22
Q

Dose of amiodarone in paediatrics?

A

Dose after 5th shock is NOT halved (so is 300mg like after the 3rd shock)

23
Q

Hypometabolic states (4Hs and Ts)

A

Hypokalaemia (peaked T waves on ECG)
Hypoglycaemia (BM, give IV glucose)

24
Q

Toxins (4Hs and Ts)

A

Track marks
Dilated pupils

25
Signs of tension pneumothorax?
Deviated trachea Unilateral rise and fall of chest Resistance on BVM when ventilating Silent chest Hyper resonance
26
Drugs to give for a ROSC?
Post ROSC adrenaline if systolic Bp is under 100 50-100 micrograms Repeat doses ever 3-5 mins if BP remains below 100
27
TWELVE
Used to assess pt breathing/airway Tracheal deviation (T pneumo) Wounds/bleeding to neck Surgical Emphysema (crackling skin, Auscultate, look for swelling) Laryngeal crepitus Jugular venous distension (heart failure/cardiac tamponade/tension pneumothorax) Exposure
28
FLAPS
Feel Look Auscultate Percuss Search