Bioscience Exam Topics - Year 2

Question 1

GORD

Answer 1

Lower oesophageal sphincter relaxes, gastric contents enter oesophagus, irritates mucous lining, causes uncomfortable burning sensation (heartburn)

Question 2

Mallory Weiss tear ?

Answer 2

Tear of tissue of lower oesophagus leading to bleeding

Question 3

Causes of Mallory Weiss tear

Answer 3

Persistent retching/coughing/vomiting
Hiatal hernia
Childbirth

Question 4

Signs/symptoms of Mallory Weiss tear

Answer 4

Haematoemesis
Melaena (bloody stools)
Fatigue, dizziness
Abdominal/chest pain
Anaemia
Dysphasia

Question 5

Signs/symptoms of Mallory Weiss tear

Answer 5

Haematoemesis
Melaena (bloody stools)
Fatigue, dizziness
Abdominal/chest pain
Anaemia
Dysphasia

Question 6

Diagnosis / treatment of Mallory Weiss tear

Answer 6

Upper GI endoscopy
Stool test

Self healing (stop bleed first)
Surgical repair

Question 7

Hiatus hernia ?

Answer 7

A section of the stomach perforates /moves up through diaphragm into the chest

Question 8

Risk factors for hiatus hernia

Answer 8

Obesity
Age
Excessive coughing/straining/vomiting
Heavy lifting
Pregnancy

Question 9

Types of hiatus hernia

Answer 9

Sliding - moves up and down/ in and out of chest
Para oesophageal - rolling hiatus hernia

Question 10

Signs/symptoms of hiatus hernia

Answer 10

Heartburn (GORD)
SOB
Regurgitation of food into mouth
Burping / bloating
Nausea/ vomiting
Dysphasia
Vomiting blood / black stool

Question 11

Diagnosis/ Treatment for hiatus hernia

Answer 11

Diagnosis- X-Ray, endoscopy

Lifestyle changes (eating habits, stop smoking, avoid lying down after eating/drinking)
Keyhole surgery